. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur Urol Oncol. 2019 Jul 2;3(5):687–694. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2019.06.004

Table 3–

Univariable Cox proportional hazard model for circulating biomarkers in relation to survival outcomes

Biomarker	PFS			OS
Biomarker	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
VEGF	1.38	1.01–1.90	0.045	1.57	1.08–2.28	0.018
CRP	1.24	1.02–1.51	0.031	1.27	1.03–1.56	0.023
IL-6	1.43	1.11–1.83	0.006	1.39	1.08–1.79	0.011
HGF	1.88	1.27–2.79	0.002	1.74	1.13–2.67	0.012
TIMP-1	3.93	2.12–7.28	<0.001	3.43	1.88–6.27	<0.001
OPN	1.57	1.23–2.01	<0.001	1.28	0.98–1.66	0.069
LDH	2.44	1.08–5.53	0.032	1.77	0.77–4.08	0.177

CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; HGF = hepatocyte growth factor; HR = hazard ratio; IL-6 = interleukin-6; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; OPN = osteopontin; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; TIMP-1 = tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.