Muscle-derived Dpp regulates feeding initiation. (A) PER assays indicate that dpp RNAi (Mhc > dppRNAi#1 and RNAi#2) increases the propensity of flies to initiate feeding compared with control GFP RNAi (Mhc > GFPRNAi) and transgene-alone controls (+/dppRNAi#1; +/dppRNAi#2; +/GFPRNAi). (*) P < 0.05; (***) P < 0.001; n = 101–177. (B) Conversely, dpp overexpression reduces the chance of PER, compared with controls (+/cherryOE; +/dppOE; Mhc > cherryOE). (*) P < 0.05; n = 84–114. (C) PER assays done at different sucrose concentrations (0.3%, 3%, 10%). Drug-induced muscle-specific dpp RNAi increases the chance of PER even at low sucrose concentrations, compared with uninduced controls and to GFP RNAi. (D) Conversely, the chance of PER is low in flies with muscle-specific dpp overexpression, even at high sucrose concentrations. (**) P < 0.01; (***) P < 0.001; n = 100–141. In A–D the proportion of flies with PER versus the total is indicated for the control condition in each panel.