Table 5.

Multimarker associations with longitudinal changes in metabolic risk factors.

Change in metabolic trait	Parameter	Estimated β*	SE	P-value†	R[2]
BMI	Baseline BMI	−0.08	0.02	1E-04	0.027
	Baseline Covariates‡				0.051
	LPC 16:0	−0.56	0.14	<1.0E-04	0.029
	Multi-Metabolite Panel				0.029
Glucose	Baseline Glucose	−0.53	0.04	<1.0E-04	0.221
	Baseline Covariates‡				0.289
	SM 36:0	4.05	0.90	<1.0E-04	0.036
	DAG 36:2	−4.58	1.23	2.0E-04	0.025
	Multi-Metabolite Panel				0.061
HDL-C	Baseline HDL-C	−0.15	0.04	<1.0E-04	0.032
	Baseline Covariates‡				0.097
	SM (d18:2/24:1)	2.67	0.57	<1.0E-04	0.042
	LPC 20:3	1.60	0.50	1.6E-03	0.020
	PS 36:0	−1.60	0.48	9.0E-04	0.022
	Multi-Metabolite Panel				0.084
TAG	Baseline TAG	−0.57	0.05	<1.0E-04	0.207
	Baseline Covariates‡				0.260
	LPC 18:3	−12.75	3.61	4.0E-04	0.023
	SM (d18:1/16:0)	−21.18	5.05	<1.0E-04	0.032
	Cer (d18:1/24:1)	15.91	4.24	2.0E-04	0.026
	Multi-Metabolite Panel				0.080

^⁎Estimated β coefficients represent the mean differences in longitudinal change (native units) in the stated metabolic trait per one standard deviation difference in lipid measures.

^†A dynamic p-value threshold for entrance into the model was defined based on FDR < 0.25 [at step i, p < (0.25*i)/154].

^‡Baseline covariates were as follows: age; sex; cohort; batch; and baseline values for total cholesterol, HDL-C, glucose, and BMI.

Abbreviations: LPC = lysophosphatidylcholine; DAG = diacylglycerol; PS = phosphatidylserine; SM = sphingomyelin; Cer = ceramide.

Lipids also significant in individual longitudinal associations are shown in italics.