Table 2.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Parameters of the Acute Phase of Tick-borne Encephalitis in Patients With Vaccine Failure in Stockholm County, Sweden, 2006–2015
| Clinical Characteristic | n (%) (n = 53) | Median (Range) |
|---|---|---|
| Monophasic course | 41 (77) | … |
| Fever | 50 (94) | … |
| Headache | 43 (81) | … |
| Glasgow coma scale (median, range) | … | 14 (3–15) |
| Severity of disease | ||
| Milda | 10 (19) | … |
| Moderateb | 21 (40) | … |
| Severec | 22 (42) | … |
| Cerebrospinal fluid findings | ||
| Pleocytosis | 50 (100)d | … |
| Mononuclear lymphocyte count, cells/µL | … | 57 (3–540) |
| Polynuclear lymphocyte count, cells/µL | … | 3 (0–163) |
| Albumin, g/L | … | 529 (254–1198) |
| Glucose, mmol/L | … | 3.5 (2.6–4.6) |
| Lactate, mmol/L | … | 2.2 (1.6–3.9) |
| Diagnostics apart from routine serology | ||
| Neutralization test positive | 49 (100)e | … |
| Magnetic resonance imaging performed | 25 (47) | … |
| Signs associated with encephalitis | 9 (36)f | … |
| Electroencephalogram performed | 23 (43) | … |
| Signs associated with encephalitis | 20 (87)g | … |
| Signs associated with epileptic activity | 2 (9)g | … |
| Hospitalization | 47 (89) | … |
| Days in hospital | … | 11 (0–521) |
| Treatment in the ICU | 12 (23) | … |
| Days in the ICU | … | 6 (1–519) |
| Assisted ventilation | 8 (15) | … |
| Number of days with artificial ventilation | … | 21 (2–609) |
| Rehabilitationh | 23 (43) | … |
| Inpatient | 15 (28) | … |
| Number of days | … | 28 (5–245) |
| Outpatient | 14 (26) | … |
| Number of days | … | 71 (7–210) |
| Mortality | 3 (6) | … |
Abbreviation: ICU, intensive care unit.
aSigns of meningitis and normal electroencephalography when applicable.
bMild signs of altered consciousness with diffuse symptoms such as “slow cerebration,” confusion, and/or focal neurological signs such as ataxia, tremor, and dysphasia.
cSevere signs of altered consciousness and/or multifocal neurological symptoms.
dFifty of 53 patients had a lumbar puncture.
ePercentage of those where neutralization test was performed.
fPercentage of those who underwent magnetic resonance imaging.
gPercentage of those who underwent electroencephalogram.
hActive rehabilitation at a specialized neurorehabilitation center, geriatric hospital, or outpatient rehabilitation center.