Responses are shown for stimuli separated and pooled (mean male and female talkers) across speaker gender. AV, clear audiovisual speech; A, auditory only speech; V, visual only speech; An, unimodal auditory speech plus acoustic noise; AVn, audiovisual speech plus visual noise; AnV, audiovisual speech plus acoustic noise; AnVn, audiovisual speech plus audiovisual noise. error bars = ±1 s.e.m.