Table 2.
Cross-sectional association of PIM use, defined by four different criteria, and prevalent frailty (N = 2,865 community-dwelling older adults; N = 261 frail at baseline)
| Model |
PRISCUS PIM users
(N = 392) |
EU(7) PIM users
(N = 1,074) |
BEERS PIM users
(N = 757) |
BEERS dementia PIM users
(N = 263) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Crude model | 2.54 (1.88, 3.42) | 2.46 (1.90, 3.18) | 2.49 (1.92, 3.23) | 3.16 (2.28, 4.39) |
| Multivariable model 1a | 2.16 (1.58, 2.95) | 1.95 (1.49, 2.55) | 2.03 (1.55, 2.66) | 2.49 (1.77, 3.51) |
| Multivariable model 2b | 1.31 (0.94, 1.83) | 1.07 (0.80, 1.45) | 1.23 (0.92, 1.64) | 1.58 (1.10, 2.27) |
| Multivariable model 3c | 1.32 (0.94, 1.85) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.48) | 1.17 (0.87, 1.58) | 1.59 (1.10, 2.30) |
| Propensity score modeld | 1.20 (0.86, 1.68) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.53) | 1.00 (0.73, 1.37) | 1.51 (1.04, 2.17) |
Note. Statistically significant results are in italics. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PIM, potentially inappropriate medication
a Adjusted for age and sex.
b Adjusted for age, sex and the number of medicines.
c Adjusted for age, sex, the number of medicines, school education, net household income, smoking status, body mass index and total comorbidity score.
d Adjusted for propensity score deciles.