Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes*
| White (n=12666) |
Black (n=1428) |
Hispanic (n=2562) |
Other (n=296) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 79.5 (8.1) | 76.0 (7.8) | 79.1 (7.9) | 76.2 (7.7) |
| Female, n (%) | 6787 (53.6) | 802 (56.2) | 1434 (56.0) | 135 (45.6) |
| Medical history/co-morbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 1303 (10.3) | 196 (13.7) | 354 (13.8) | 22 (7.4) |
| Myocardial infarction | 315 (2.5) | 36 (2.5) | 83 (3.2) | <11 (<3.7) |
| Unstable angina | 157 (1.2) | <11 (<0.8) | 31 (1.2) | <11 (<3.7) |
| Chronic atherosclerosis | 4510 (35.6) | 385 (27.0) | 994 (38.8) | 98 (33.1) |
| Respiratory failure | 357 (2.8) | 41 (2.9) | 133 (5.2) | <11 (<3.7) |
| Hypertension | 10028 (79.2) | 1164 (81.5) | 2067 (80.7) | 231 (78.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1478 (11.7) | 199 (13.9) | 322 (12.6) | 37 (12.5) |
| Renal failure | 1265 (10.0) | 238 (16.7) | 330 (12.9) | 24 (8.1) |
| COPD | 1969 (15.5) | 129 (9.0) | 435 (17.0) | 27 (9.1) |
| Pneumonia | 931 (7.4) | 114 (8.0) | 245 (9.6) | 14 (4.7) |
| Protein-calorie malnutrition | 513 (4.1) | 79 (5.5) | 105 (4.1) | 13 (4.4) |
| Dementia | 1556 (12.3) | 224 (15.7) | 475 (18.5) | 31 (10.5) |
| Functional disability | 648 (5.1) | 134 (9.4) | 184 (7.2) | 14 (4.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 840 (6.6) | 90 (6.3) | 182 (7.1) | 16 (5.4) |
| Cancer | 877 (6.9) | 100 (7.0) | 193 (7.5) | <11 (<3.7) |
| Trauma | 1152 (9.1) | 72 (5.0) | 206 (8.0) | 21 (7.1) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 378 (3.0) | 50 (3.5) | 138 (5.4) | <11 (<3.7) |
| Liver disease | 53 (0.4) | 11 (0.8) | 19 (0.7) | <11 (<3.7) |
| Depression | 1032 (8.1) | 56 (3.9) | 217 (8.5) | 14 (4.7) |
| Diabetes | 3742 (29.5) | 703 (49.2) | 1059 (41.3) | 135 (45.6) |
| Hospital stay, mean (SD) | ||||
| CMS payment, $ | 7871 (7710) | 9837 (11350) | 9282 (8998) | 8284 (6697) |
| Length of stay, d | 4.4 (4.0) | 5.8 (5.7) | 5.1 (4.3) | 4.7 (5.0) |
| Discharge disposition, % (95% CI) | ||||
| Home without home care | 35.0 (34.1-35.8) | 24.2 (22.0-26.5) | 29.2 (27.4-31.0) | 37.5 (32.0-43.3) |
| Home with home care | 14.0 (13.4-14.6) | 15.4 (13.6-17.4) | 16.2 (14.8-17.6) | 17.6 (13.4-22.4) |
| ICF/SNF | 23.8 (23.1-24.6) | 30.0 (27.7-32.5) | 22.6 (21.0-24.2) | 23.3 (18.6-28.6) |
| Outcome, % (95% CI) | ||||
| 30-day all-cause readmission | 14.4 (13.8-15.1) | 17.2 (15.2-19.3) | 16.7 (15.1-18.2) | 14.7 (10.5-18.9) |
CI, confidence interval; CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICF, intermediate care facility; SD, standard deviation; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
*
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services cell suppression policy prohibits the direct reporting of values between 1 and 10. In accordance with our data use agreement, we coarsened these data and report as <11 in the table.