Figure 1.

Sample selection flowchart.

^aPatients’ age on January 1 of respective year.

^bThe stimulant course could consist of one or more prescription fills as long as the time on the treatment was at least 30 days. Noncontinuous treatment interruption periods up to 30 days were allowed.

^cPsychiatric and neurologic comorbidities included bipolar disorder, dementia, mania, schizophrenia, tics, adjustment disorders, anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, depression, insomnia, learning disability, obsessive compulsive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, substance abuse, pervasive developmental disorder, epilepsy, and other psychiatric and neurological disorders.