. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 2.

Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2019 Sep 13;111(19):1520–1534. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1591

TABLE 3.

Maternal formate supplementation improves delayed embryonic growth and partially prevents defective neural tube closure in Mthfd1l nullizygous embryos

Age	Genotype	Embryos	Somites (mean ± SD)	Crown to rump length (mm) (mean ± SD)	Neural tube open (embryos)	Conforms to Mendelian ratio?
E8.75	Mthfd1l^+/+	10	7.4 ± 2.3	0.97 ± 0.30	100% (10)	Yes
	Mthfd1l^z/+	20	7.2 ± 3.3	1.11 ± 0.23	100% (20)	p = .85
	Mthfd1l^z/z	9	4.6 ± 3.8	0.84 ± 0.42	100% (8)
E9.5	Mthfd1l^+/+	16	22.3 ± 2.8	2.44 ± 0.52	6% (1)	Yes
	Mthfd1l^z/+	27	21.7 ± 3.4	2.44 ± 0.56	11% (3)	p = .86
	Mthfd1l^z/z	14	17.6 ± 3.2*	1.83 ± 0.40*	79% (11)

Note: Embryos were dissected from a total of 15 formate-supplemented dams. Numbers of somites in Mthfd1l^z/z were statistically lower compared to Mthfd1l^+/+ only at E9.5 (p < .001 by one-way ANOVA; asterisk indicates significant difference in Mthfd1l^z/z compared with Mthfd1l^+/+ at the p < .001 level by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). Number of embryos showing partially or completely open neural tube in the head were counted. Mendelian observed and expected ratios were compared the using Chi-square test.