Figure 7.

The PB includes two classes of intrinsically, rhythmic neurons: early vocal neurons (EVNs) and fast trill neurons (FTNs). A, D, Laryngeal nerve and intracellular recordings in PB from X. laevis and X. petersii. The duration and period of FTN neuron depolarization and NMDA-induced oscillation (B, C), but not EVN neuron depolarization and membrane oscillation (E, F), match species-specific temporal features of calls. Asterisks indicated significant differences between species. Reproduced from Barkan et al. (2018).