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. 2019 Nov 23;4(1):50–65. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1440

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Purified albumin induces activation and ROS production in healthy platelets. (A) SAH albumin increases the expression of P‐selectin compared with lipopolysaccharide and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein. (B) Platelets were incubated with purified albumin‐HC (Alb‐HC, 1 mg/mL), purified albumin‐AC (Alb‐AC, 1 mg/mL), and purified albumin‐SAH (Alb‐SAH, 1 mg/mL). Platelet aggregation was measured after 30 minutes according to the final protocol at 37°C. A representative recording and bar graph is shown in mean values of three independent experiments, expressed as a percentage of maximal platelet aggregation. (C,D) Histogram showing the up‐regulation of P‐selectin, PAC‐1, and intracellular Ca2+ in platelets exposed to purified Alb‐SAH (1 mg/mL) versus others (percent expression). (E) Increased CD40L and ROS production in platelets exposed to Alb‐SAH compared with others (results shown as percentage of vehicle treatment; n = 3). (F) Representative western blot expression of SNARE complex protein Syntaxin‐11, SNAP‐23, and VAMP‐8 levels in healthy platelets incubated with purified Alb‐HC, Alb‐AC, or Alb‐SAH (1 mg/mL). All values are shown as mean ± SEM (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 as indicated). Abbreviations: DHR, Dihydrorhodamine; KD, kilodalton.