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Fig. 8.

Fig. 8.

Effects of inulin on Smpd3 gene expression and NSMase activity in the livers of Ldlr−/− mice. A: Quantitative PCR was performed to confirm the effects of inulin on sphingolipid metabolism genes. Smpd3 is the only gene that was downregulated in inulin-fed mice. B: Liver NSMase activity was investigated as described in the Materials and Methods. The bars represent the mean ± SEM of four samples in each group. **P < 0.01 (unpaired Student’s t-test).