Fig. 5.

BA biosynthesis is downregulated in 2c70KO and DKO mice. Liver samples were collected from 44 mice (n = 6, 7, 4, 10, 5, 4, 4, and 4 for male WT, 2a12KO, 2c70KO, DKO, female WT, 2a12KO, 2c70KO, and DKO, respectively) at 11.1 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) weeks of age. RNA was extracted and hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial fractions were prepared for enzyme assays. Hepatic activities and mRNA expression levels of key enzymes in the BA and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways were determined. mRNA expression levels were standardized to those of Gapdh, and the mean expression levels in male WT mice were set to 1.0. Each column and error bar represents the mean and SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 were considered significantly different by the Tukey-Kramer test.