Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable predictors of the prevalence of preventable patient harm (n=70)
| Variable | No | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression coefficient (95% CI) | SE | P value | Regression coefficient (95% CI) | SE | P value | |||
| WHO region: | ||||||||
| US | 33 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Europe | 27 | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01) | 0.01 | 0.59 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Asia or other | 10 | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.02 | 0.54 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Medical setting: | ||||||||
| General hospitals and obstetrics | 49 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Primary care and emergency department | 9 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.02 | 0.18 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01) | 0.02 | 0.12 | |
| Advanced hospital specialties | 12 | 0.08 (0.05 to 0.11) | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.10) | 0.01 | <0.001 | |
| Research design: | ||||||||
| Retrospective or cross sectional | 50 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Prospective | 20 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04) | 0.01 | 0.31 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Sample size: | ||||||||
| Large (n>1000) | 43 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Small (n<1000) | 27 | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.06) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04) | 0.01 | 0.12 | |
| Population: | ||||||||
| Adults | 59 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Children or older adults | 11 | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 0.01 | 0.09 | |
| Assessment method: | ||||||||
| Medical record review | 53 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Surveys with patients and health providers | 17 | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) | 0.01 | 0.58 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Preventability by consensus among reviewers using: | ||||||||
| Standardised Likert scale | 43 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Implicit criteria | 27 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04) | 0.01 | 0.36 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Risk of bias: | ||||||||
| High (<7 score) | 41 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Low (>7 score) | 29 | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.02) | 0.01 | 0.89 | NA | NA | NA | |
SE=standard error; NA=not applicable.