Table 3.
Meta-ANOVA results for moderator effects on body composition
| Moderator | Weight | BMI | % Body fat | Waist circumference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| SMD (95% CI) | n | SMD (95% CI) | n | SMD (95% CI) | n | SMD (95% CI) | n | |
| Diet control | ||||||||
| With diet | 0.433 (0.205 to 0.661) | 47 | 0.608 (0.294 to 0.922) | 38 | 0.296 (0.106 to 0.485) | 204 | 0.761 (0.465 to 1.056) | 39 |
| No diet | 0.255 (0.099 to 0.412) | 42 | 0.452 (0.257 to 0.648) | 40 | 0.464 (0.273 to 0.655) | 23 | 0.562 (0.333 to 0.792) | 36 |
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| Exercise time (min/wk) | ||||||||
| <60 | 0.899 (0.335 to 1.463) | 5 | 0.075 (−0.855 to 1.005) | 1 | 0.995 (−0.457 to 2.446) | 2 | 0.771 (0.242 to 1.300) | 3 |
| 60–89 | 0.002 (−0.255 to 0.258) | 5 | 0.360 (−0.433 to 1.153) | 3 | 0.000 (−0.881 to 0.881) | 1 | 0.089 (−0.179 to 0.358) | 4 |
| 90–119 | 0.154 (−0.081 to 0.389) | 10 | 0.391 (0.006 to 0.777) | 9 | 0.193 (−0.763 to 1.148) | 1 | 0.315 (0.034 to 0.595) | 7 |
| 120–149 | 0.373 (0.091 to 0.656) | 17 | 0.615 (0.283 to 0.947) | 14 | 0.293 (0.110 to 0.475) | 4 | 0.976 (0.472 to 1.480) | 9 |
| 150–179 | 0.052 (−0.194 to 0.298) | 7 | 0.243 (0.075 to 0.411) | 8 | 0.200 (−0.051 to 0.450) | 8 | 0.476 (0.234 to 0.718) | 7 |
| 180–209 | 0.208 (−0.045 to 0.460) | 13 | 0.257 (−0.003 to 0.517) | 13 | 0.498 (0.125 to 0.871) | 8 | 0.362 (−0.027 to 0.750) | 13 |
| 210–239 | 0.092 (−0.889 to 1.072) | 1 | 0.063 (−0.917 to 1.043) | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| 240 | 0.303 (−0.206 to 0.811) | 1 | 0.283 (−0.042 to 0.608) | 3 | 0.450 (0.104 to 0.796) | 3 | 0.331 (−0.178 to 0.840) | 1 |
| 300 | 1.237 (0.464 to 2.009) | 6 | 1.643 (0.795 to 2.490) | 6 | 1.309 (0.753 to 1.866) | 3 | 2.290 (1.311 to 3.268) | 6 |
| 420–450 | 0.078 (−0.334 to 0.491) | 2 | 0.103 (−0.310 to 0.515) | 2 | - | - | −0.288 (−0.752 to 0.177) | 1 |
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| Duration (wk) | ||||||||
| ≤4 | −0.028 (−0.408 to 0.353) | 3 | 0.017 (−0.893 to 0.928) | 1 | - | - | 0.087 (−0.386 to 0.560) | 1 |
| 8–11 | 0.237 (0.032 to 0.441) | 12 | 0.322 (0.104 to 0.540) | 13 | 0.655 (0.390 to 0.921) | 9 | 0.706 (0.226 to 1.186) | 7 |
| 12–15 | 0.455 (0.179 to 0.731) | 43 | 0.911 (0.501 to 1.322) | 33 | 0.541 (0.216 to 0.866) | 16 | 0.910 (0.573 to 1.246) | 41 |
| 16–19 | 0.576 (0.266 to 0.886) | 13 | 0.431 (0.169 to 0.694) | 10 | 0.411 (−0.041 to 0.864) | 6 | 0.600 (0.242 to 0.959) | 11 |
| 20–23 | 0.114 (−0.085 to 0.313) | 11 | 0.150 (−0.047 to 0.348) | 10 | 0.235 (−0.052 to 0.522) | 9 | 0.143 (−0.085 to 0.372) | 9 |
| 24 | 0.120 (−0.499 to 0.738) | 3 | 0.096 (−0.556 to 0.748) | 3 | - | - | 0.117 (−0.230 to 0.464) | 1 |
| 36 | - | - | 0.642 (0.240 to 1.045) | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| 48 | 0.129 (−0.059 to 0.318) | 2 | 0.214 (0.078 to 0.352) | 6 | 0.209 (0.071 to 0.347) | 6 | 0.284 (0.138 to 0.430) | 4 |
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| Intensity | ||||||||
| Low | 0.533 (0.022 to 1.044) | 11 | 0.609 (0.079 to 1.140) | 7 | 0.043 (−0.322 to 0.407) | 5 | 0.558 (−0.446 to 1.562) | 4 |
| Moderate | 0.346 (0.165 to 0.526) | 28 | 0.627 (0.386 to 0.868) | 31 | 0.457 (0.181 to 0.733) | 16 | 0.874 (0.566 to 1.182) | 27 |
| Vigorous | 0.293 (0.136 to 0.450) | 28 | 0.370 (0.184 to 0.557) | 23 | 0.345 (0.189 to 0.501) | 21 | 0.613 (0.387 to 0.838) | 27 |
Meta-ANOVA, meta-analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; SMD, standardized mean difference; CI, confidence interval; n, number of studies.