Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (N = 1712)
| Control group (n = 855) | VLNC group (n = 857) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 473 | 55.3 | 481 | 56.1 |
| Male | 383 | 44.7 | 376 | 43.9 |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 78 | 9.1 | 80 | 9.4 |
| Hispanic | 78 | 9.1 | 88 | 10.3 |
| Race | ||||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 19 | 2.3 | 14 | 1.7 |
| Asian | 28 | 3.3 | 28 | 3.3 |
| Black or African American | 92 | 10.9 | 76 | 9.0 |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 8 | 1.0 | 2 | .2 |
| White | 673 | 79.9 | 701 | 83.4 |
| Other | 22 | 2.6 | 20 | 2.4 |
| Education | ||||
| High school graduate or less | 271 | 31.7 | 277 | 32.5 |
| Some college | 271 | 31.7 | 251 | 29.5 |
| College graduate or associate’s degree | 263 | 30.8 | 267 | 31.3 |
| Graduate degree | 49 | 5.7 | 57 | 6.7 |
| Household income, annual | ||||
| $0–$24,999 | 233 | 27.3 | 249 | 29.1 |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 282 | 33.0 | 284 | 33.1 |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 166 | 19.4 | 153 | 17.9 |
| $75,000+ | 174 | 20.4 | 171 | 20.0 |
| Low income, <200% of 2018 federal poverty level | 423 | 49.7 | 419 | 49.2 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| Current smoker only | 407 | 47.6 | 430 | 50.2 |
| Dual current e-cigarette user and smoker | 448 | 52.4 | 427 | 49.8 |
| In past year, bought cigarettes from a … | ||||
| Web site | 92 | 10.8 | 92 | 10.8 |
| Street vendor | 148 | 17.3 | 135 | 15.8 |
| Store on an Indian reservation | 190 | 22.3 | 200 | 23.4 |
The mean age in the control group was 43 years (SD: 14 years) and the mean age in the VLNC group was 45 years (SD: 15 years). Missing demographic data range from 0% to 1.7%. Participant characteristics did not differ by experimental condition (all p > .05). SD = standard deviation.