Table 1.
Summary Baseline and Outcome Characteristics of the BrAIST, External Validation and Combined Samples
| Characteristics | BrAIST (n=115) |
External Validation (n=152) |
p- value* |
Combined (n=267) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD (range)) | 12.5±1.2 (10-15) | 12.6±1.3 (9-16) | 0.35 | 12.57±1.2 (9-16) |
| Sex – Female (n, %) | 100 (87) | 123 (81) | 0.24 | 223 (84) |
| Curve Classification (n, %) | ||||
| Thoracic | 25 (22) | 45 (30) | 0.10 | 70 (26) |
| Thoracolumbar or Lumbar | 18 (16) | 35 (23) | 53 (20) | |
| Thoracic with Thoracolumbar or Lumbar | 54 (47) | 55 (36) | 109 (41) | |
| Double Thoracic | 9 (8) | 12 (8) | 21 (8) | |
| Triple | 9 (8) | 5 (3) | 14 (5) | |
| Thoracic Apex (1 or more) | 97 (84) | 117 (77) | 0.16 | 214 (80) |
| Maximum Cobb Angle (mean±SD (range)) | 29.6±6.5 (18-47) | 26.6±8.3 (11-44) | <0.01 | 27.9±7.7 (11-47) |
| Risser Grade (n, %) | ||||
| 0 | 77 (67) | 84 (55) | 0.02 | 161 (60) |
| 1 | 22 (19) | 29 (19) | 51 (19) | |
| 2 | 13 (11) | 19 (13) | 32 (12) | |
| 3+ | 3 (3) | 20 (13) | 23 (9) | |
| Maturity Stage# (SMS) (n, %) | ||||
| 1 | 1 (1) | 0 | <0.02 | 1 (1) |
| 2 | 40 (35) | 31 (20) | 71 (27) | |
| 3 | 32 (28) | 46 (30) | 78 (29) | |
| 4 | 17 (15) | 44 (29) | 61 (23) | |
| 5 | 9 (8) | 5 (3) | 14 (5) | |
| 6 | 15 (13) | 24 (16) | 39 (15) | |
| 7 | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | |
| Triradiate# – Open (n, %) | 30 (28) | 8 (22) | 0.52 | 38 (26) |
| Poor Prognosis^ (n, %) | 60 (52) | 56 (37) | 0.01 | 116 (43) |
SD, standard deviation; SMS, skeletal maturity stage
^
Poor Prognosis was defined as a Cobb angle ≥45° prior to reaching Risser 4
#
status of the triradiate was not available for 7 subjects in the BrAIST cohort and for 115 of the subjects in the External validation cohort
*
Fisher’s exact test or t-test for differences between BrAIST and Validation sample