Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Randomized to Each Cigarette Conditiona
| VLNC (0.4 mg/g) (n = 30) | NNC (15. 8 mg/g) (n = 28) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.4 (9.6) | 43.1 (11.0) | .924 |
| Gender (female) no. (%) | 12 (40.0) | 12 (42.9) | 1.00 |
| Race no. (%) | .412b | ||
| White | 15 (50.0)† | 19 (67.9) | |
| Black | 6 (20.0) | 5 (17.9) | |
| Multiracial | 6 (20.0) | 4 (14.3) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity no. (%) | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0) | .237 |
| Diagnosis no. (%) | .534 | ||
| Schizophrenia/schizoaffective | 22 (73.3) | 23 (82.1) | |
| Bipolar | 8 (26.7) | 5 (17.9) | |
| Psychiatric medication use (%) | |||
| Antipsychotics | 23 (76.7) | 20 (71.4) | .767 |
| Antidepressants | 12 (40.0) | 15 (53.6) | .430 |
| Antianxiety/hypnotics | 12 (40.0) | 8 (28.6) | .416 |
| Mood stabilizers | 10 (33.3) | 8 (28.6) | .780 |
| Menthol use no. (%) | 23 (76.7) | 18 (64.3) | .390 |
| Cigarettes per day | 20.1 (8.8) | 18.2 (7.7) | .374 |
| Carbon monoxide level (ppm) | 20.4 (13.0) | 21.1 (11.9) | .835 |
| TNE (nmol/mg creatinine) | 79.9 (62.8, 101.8) | 78.3 (61.7, 99.2)†† | .900 |
| NNAL (pmol/mg creatinine) | 1.60 (1.13, 2.25) | 1.74 (1.29, 2.33) †† | .709 |
| FTCD | 6.8 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.5) | .438 |
| QSU Total (Usual Brand) | 39.0 (17.1) | 44.0 (17.8) | .284 |
| MNWS | 13.6 (4.9) | 13.3 (6.7) | .842 |
| CES Satisfaction | 12.6 (4.4) | 12.9 (4.1) | .794 |
| CES Psychological Reward | 14.8 (6.4) | 16.2 (9.2) | .524 |
| CES Enjoyment of Sensations | 3.2 (1.9) | 3.0 (2.2) | .705 |
| CES Craving Reduction | 4.1 (1.6) | 4.1 (2.1) | .901 |
| CES Aversion | 1.1 (1.7) | 1.9 (2.4) | .195 |
| PANAS Positive Affect | 32.5 (7.5) | 32.2 (6.2) | .904 |
| PANAS Negative Affect | 19.9 (8.4) | 19.4 (7.5) | .784 |
| PANSS Positive symptoms | 10.1 (2.7) | 10.8 (3.0) | .366 |
| PANSS Negative symptoms | 14.0 (4.5) | 13.6 (4.7) | .768 |
| PANSS General symptoms | 24.3 (4.7) | 23.6 (6.0) | .629 |
| SANS | 17.8 (12.2) | 18.8 (13.2) | .769 |
| Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale | 31.0 (6.8) | 30.6 (6.5) | .837 |
| Calgary Depression Scale | 4.2 (3.1) | 3.8 (2.7) | .531 |
| CES-D | 15.6 (11.6) | 18.8 (9.9) | .257 |
| AIMS | 0.7 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.2) | .268 |
| Barnes Akathisia Scale | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.3) | .466 |
| Simpson-Angus Scale | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.7) | .619 |
TNE, total nicotine equivalents; FTCD, Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence; QSU, Questionnaire on Smoking Urges; MNWS, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale; CES, Cigarette Evaluation Scales; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SANS, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; AIMS, Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale
aUnless otherwise indicated, values represent mean (standard deviation) or geometric mean (95% confidence interval) for creatinine-corrected TNE and NNAL.
b p-value is based on the comparison between whites and non-whites.
†Three participants did not report race.
††One participant was missing creatinine at baseline.