Table 2.
Correlates of nicotine beliefs latent classes, weighted percentages, and multinomial logistic regression model
| Class 1 “Large role in health risks” (n = 2070; 52%) | Class 2 “Don’t Know; large role in health risks” (n = 382; 11%) | Class 3 “Small role in health risks” (n = 1277; 30%) | Class 4 “None/small part of cancer caused by nicotine” (n = 308; 7%) | Total (n = 4037) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % | Class 1 vs. Class 3 | Weighted % | Class 2 vs. Class 3 | Ref. | Weighted % | Class 4 vs. Class 3 | Weighted % | p | |
| RRR (95% CI)a | RRR (95% CI)a | Weighted % | RRR (95% CI)a | ||||||
| Age group | .521 | ||||||||
| 18–24 | 25.4 | 0.84 (0.65–1.07) | 22.4 | 0.72 (0.46–1.12) | 24.4 | 27.5 | 1.18 (0.74–1.86) | 24.9 | |
| 25–34 | 55.3 | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 60.4 | 0.99 (0.67–1.47) | 58.2 | 56.4 | 1.03 (0.68–1.55) | 56.8 | |
| 35–40 | 19.3 | Ref. | 17.2 | Ref. | 17.5 | 16.2 | Ref. | 18.3 | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | ||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 53.5 | Ref. | 44.5 | Ref. | 69.0 | 61.6 | Ref. | 57.6 | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 13.2 | 1.75 (1.26–2.42) | 19.9 | 2.99 (1.93–4.63) | 9.0 | 14.8 | 1.63 (0.90–2.95) | 12.9 | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 8.9 | 1.47 (1.06–2.04) | 10.2 | 1.98 (1.20–3.28) | 7.9 | 6.5 | 0.91 (0.48–1.73) | 8.6 | |
| Hispanic | 24.5 | 1.97 (1.55–2.50) | 25.3 | 2.12 (1.45–3.09) | 14.0 | 17.1 | 1.30 (0.86–1.98) | 21.0 | |
| Sex | <.001 | ||||||||
| Male | 44.9 | Ref. | 46.0 | Ref. | 53.6 | 61.6 | Ref. | 48.8 | |
| Female | 55.1 | 1.37 (1.16–1.63) | 54.0 | 1.26 (0.95–1.67) | 46.4 | 38.4 | 0.72 (0.53–0.97) | 51.2 | |
| Education completed | <.001 | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 11.2 | 1.76 (1.16–2.70) | 15.4 | 3.20 (1.83–5.61) | 6.5 | 7.9 | 1.20 (0.54–2.71) | 10.1 | |
| High school | 26.3 | 1.52 (1.21–1.91) | 32.0 | 2.38 (1.70–3.34) | 19.7 | 26.8 | 1.39 (0.94–2.05) | 25.0 | |
| Some college or greater | 62.5 | Ref. | 52.6 | Ref. | 73.8 | 65.3 | Ref. | 64.9 | |
| Annual household income | <.001 | ||||||||
| Less than $10 000 | 12.7 | 19.1 | 7.1 | 15.4 | 12.0 | ||||
| $10 000–$24 999 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 15.4 | 13.2 | 16.1 | ||||
| $25 000–$49 999 | 27.3 | 28.0 | 23.6 | 26.9 | 26.3 | ||||
| $50 000–$99 999 | 29.7 | 24.2 | 36.0 | 30.3 | 31.0 | ||||
| More than $100 000 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 17.9 | 14.2 | 14.6 | ||||
| Subjective financial situation | <.001 | ||||||||
| Don’t meet basic expenses | 6.5 | 1.19 (0.78–1.83) | 10.6 | 1.73 (0.95–3.14) | 5.0 | 10.1 | 1.56 (0.81–2.99) | 6.8 | |
| Just meet basic expenses | 30.9 | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 28.8 | 1.09 (0.76–1.55) | 24.0 | 23.9 | 0.91 (0.60–1.36) | 28.1 | |
| Meet needs with a little left | 39.9 | Ref. | 38.1 | Ref. | 39.8 | 39.9 | Ref. | 39.7 | |
| Live comfortably | 22.7 | 0.74 (0.60–0.90) | 22.4 | 0.72 (0.51–1.03) | 31.1 | 26.1 | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 25.4 | |
| Peer cigarette smoking, 1+ vs. 0 | .033 | ||||||||
| 0 | 57.5 | Ref. | 62.4 | Ref. | 54.6 | 50.7 | Ref. | 56.7 | |
| 1+ | 42.5 | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 37.6 | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) | 45.4 | 49.3 | 1.04 (0.72–1.48) | 43.3 | |
| Parent cigarette smoking, 1+ vs. 0 | .626 | ||||||||
| 0 | 61.0 | 56.3 | 55.7 | 57.0 | |||||
| 1+ | 43.3 | 39.0 | 43.7 | 44.3 | 43.0 | ||||
| Self-identified smoking description | <.001 | ||||||||
| Smoker | 8.6 | 0.79 (0.50–1.25) | 6.1 | 0.58 (0.25–1.35) | 11.0 | 13.0 | 0.72 (0.35–1.46) | 9.3 | |
| Social or occasional smoker | 7.2 | 0.66 (0.43–1.01) | 8.0 | 0.81 (0.41–1.61) | 10.4 | 10.3 | 0.70 (0.34–1.44) | 8.5 | |
| Ex-smoker/tried smoking | 15.9 | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) | 10.1 | 0.55 (0.35–0.85) | 17.5 | 16.1 | 0.86 (0.59–1.28) | 15.7 | |
| Nonsmoker | 68.3 | Ref. | 75.7 | Ref. | 61.1 | 60.6 | Ref. | 66.5 | |
| Past 30-day tobacco use | <.001 | ||||||||
| No | 81.6 | Ref. | 85.7 | Ref. | 74.7 | 69.2 | Ref. | 79.1 | |
| Yes | 18.4 | 0.77 (0.55–1.09) | 14.3 | 0.60 (0.33–1.12) | 25.3 | 30.8 | 1.41 (0.83–2.41) | 20.9 | |
| Past 30-day cigarette use | .027 | ||||||||
| No | 86.0 | 87.8 | 83.1 | 79.6 | 84.9 | ||||
| Yes | 14.0 | 12.2 | 16.9 | 20.4 | 15.1 | ||||
| Past 30-day cigar use | <.001 | ||||||||
| No | 99.1 | 98.6 | 96.5 | 95.8 | 98.0 | ||||
| Yes | 0.9 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 2.0 | ||||
| Past 30-day little cigar/cigarillo use | .234 | ||||||||
| No | 96.5 | 97.3 | 94.9 | 95.9 | 96.1 | ||||
| Yes | 3.5 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | ||||
| Past 30-day e-cigarette use | <.001 | ||||||||
| No | 97.6 | 97.3 | 93.5 | 86.4 | 95.5 | ||||
| Yes | 2.4 | 2.7 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 4.5 | ||||
| Past 30-day smokeless use | <.001 | ||||||||
| No | 98.4 | 99.9 | 96.5 | 95.3 | 97.8 | ||||
| Yes | 1.6 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 2.2 | ||||
| Past 30-day hookah use | .154 | ||||||||
| No | 98.3 | 98.2 | 96.8 | 96.7 | 97.7 | ||||
| Yes | 1.7 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 |
Missing: Subjective financial situation (n = 11; 0.3%); peer smoking (n = 51; 1%); parent smoking (n = 1132; 28%); self-identified smoking status (n = 7; 0.2%); past 30-day cigarette use (n = 12; 0.3%); past 30-day cigar use (n = 8; 0.2%); past 30-day little cigar/cigarillo use (n = 8; 0.2%); past 30-day e-cigarette use (n = 87; 2%); past 30-day smokeless tobacco use (n = 8; 0.2%); past 30-day hookah use (n = 10; 0.3%).
aMultinomial logistic regression model accounting for survey weighting and controlling for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, subjective financial situation, peer smoking (1+ vs. 0), self-identified smoking status, and past 30-day use of any tobacco product. The adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) estimates the likelihood of the outcome (eg, membership in class 1 vs. class 3) for a variable, holding all other variables in the model constant.