Table 3.

Analysis of Covariance Results

	Model 1: DV: advertisement content recall	Model 2: DV: product beliefs	Model 3: DV: product use intentions
	Β (95% CI)	Β (95% CI)	Β (95% CI)
Red package	0.34 (0.08 to 0.61)*	−0.03 (−0.16 to 0.10)	0.11 (−0.05 to 0.27)
Corrective message	0.28 (0.01 to 0.54)*	0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14)	−0.02 (−0.18 to 0.14)
Recall score	–	−0.29 (−0.34 to 0.24)**	0.05 (−0.02 to 0.12)
Belief score	–	–	0.42 (0.30 to 0.55)**

DV = dependent variable. All models included covariates for age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, and nicotine dependence. There were no statistically significant interactions between package color and corrective messaging so they were removed from all models.

*p < .05, **p < .001.