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. 2019 May 27;31(10):669–683. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxz045

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Colonic mucosa of patients with IBDs exhibits enhanced expression of RICK, cIAP1, cIAP2, TRAF6 and TAK1. Endoscopic biopsy samples were obtained from inflammatory portions of patients with CD and UC and subjected to qPCR analysis. Colonic biopsy samples obtained from non-tumorous portions of patients with colonic polyps or early colon cancer were used as controls. mRNA expression was normalized by using GAPDH as a reference gene. (A) Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12p40) is shown. (B) Expression of NOD1, NOD2, RICK, cIAP1, cIAP2, TRAF6, Pellino 3, XIAP and TAK1 is shown. The number associated with each data set shows the number of patients studied. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Each dot represents a value of each patient sample. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.