. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2019 Sep 6;124(11):1684–1689. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.08.025

Table 2.

Association of resting heart rate and heart rate variability variables with incident AF.

	Model 1			Model 2
	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value
Resting heart rate
<10^th percentile	1.26	1.01-1.57	0.040	1.22	0.98-1.54	0.072
10^th -90^th percentile	reference
>90^th percentile	1.48	1.18-1.86	0.001	1.38	1.09-1.75	0.008
SDNN^*
<10^th percentile	1.31	1.06-1.57	0.010	1.22	1.01-1.49	0.050
10^th -90^th percentile	reference
>90^th percentile	1.18	0.93-1.51	0.175	1.17	0.92-1.50	0.198
RMSDD^*
<10^th percentile	1.31	1.08-1.59	0.005	1.27	1.04-1.55	0.017
10^th-90^th percentile	reference
>90^th percentile	1.38	1.09-1.74	0.006	1.36	1.08-1.71	0.009

Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, race and educational level. Model 2 is additionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, high-density and low-density lipoproteins, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, beta agonist/anticholinergic use, beta-blocker use, and calcium channel blocker use.

SDNN: standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals; RMSDD: root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals

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