Table 1 |.
Selected major genomic elements in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
| category | Gene name | Gene product | Function | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic resistance | aacA-aphD | Bifunctional AAC-APH protein | Aminoglycoside resistance | Transposon |
| aadD | Aminoglycoside adenyltransferase | Aminoglycoside resistance | Plasmid | |
| ant(4’) | O-nucleotidyltransferase(4’) | Aminoglycoside resistance |
|
|
| ant(9) | O-nucleotidyltransferase(9) | Aminoglycoside resistance | Transposon | |
| blaZ | β-Lactamase | Penicillin resistance |
|
|
| bleO | Bleomycin binding protein | Bleomycin resistance |
|
|
| cat | Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | Chloramphenicol resistance | Plasmid | |
| dfrA and dfrK | Dihydrofolate reductase | Trimethoprim resistance | Plasmid | |
| ermA | rRNA methylase | Macrolide resistance | Transposon | |
| ermC | rRNA methylase | Macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin resistance | Plasmid | |
| ileS | Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase | Mupirocin resistance | Plasmid | |
| mecA | Penicillin-binding protein 2 | Methicillin resistance | SCCmec | |
| tetK | Tetracycline resistance protein | Tetracycline resistance | Plasmid | |
| tetM | Tetracycline resistance protein | Tetracycline resistance | Transposon | |
| Antiseptic or heavy metal resistance | arsRBC | Efflux ATPase | Heavy metal resistance | Plasmid |
| cadA and cadB | Cadmium efflux ATPase | Heavy metal resistance | Plasmid | |
| qacA | Antiseptic resistance protein qacA | Antiseptic efflux pump | Plasmid | |
| merA and merB | Mercuric reductase | Heavy metal resistance | Transposon | |
| Virulence factorsa | aur | Aureolysin | Tissue destruction | Core |
| capA and capP | Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis proteins | Immune evasion | Core | |
| chp | Chemotaxis inhibitory protein | Immune evasion | Bacteriophage | |
| clfA and clfB | Fibrinogen binding proteins | Adhesion | Core | |
| coa | Staphylocoagulase | Coagulation | Core | |
| ebhA and ebhaB | Extracellular matrix-binding proteins | Adhesion | Core | |
| eta | Exfoliative toxin A | Scalded skin syndrome | Plasmid | |
| etb | Exfoliative toxin B | Scalded skin syndrome | Bacteriophage | |
| etd | Exfoliative toxin D | Scalded skin syndrome | vSAγ | |
| geh | Lipase | Lipid degradation | Core | |
| hld | S-Haemolysin | Haemolysis | Core | |
| hlgA, hlgB and hlgC | y-Haemolysin components | Haemolysis | Core | |
| hysA | Hyaluronidase | Tissue invasion | vSaβ | |
| lukD and lukE | Leukotoxins | Immune evasion | SaPI | |
| lukS-PV and lukF-PV | Panton-Valentine leukocidin | Leukotoxin | Bacteriophage | |
| sak | Staphylokinase (protease III) | Clot dissolution | Bacteriophage | |
| sea | Enterotoxin A superantigen | Food poisoning | Bacteriophage | |
| seb and sec | Enterotoxin B and enterotoxin C (superantigens) | Food poisoning | SaPI | |
| seq2 and sek2 | Enteroxin and superantigen | Food poisoning | SaPI | |
| sep | Enteroxin P | Food poisoning | Bacteriophage | |
| spa | Immunoglobulin G-binding protein A | Immune evasion | Core | |
| sspA | Serine protease | Tissue destruction | Core | |
| sspB | Cysteine protease | Tissue destruction | Core | |
| tst | Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 | Superantigen | SaPI |