Table 11:
Results of Economic Literature Review
| Name, Year, Country, Publication Type | Study Design and Perspective | Population | Intervention/Comparator | Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Outcomes | Costs | Cost-Effectiveness | ||||
| Type 1 diabetes | ||||||
| Bilir et al, 2016,80 United States, conference abstract |
Economic analysis: CUA Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: NR Time horizon: 50 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 1 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
Total QALYs: NR | Currency, cost year: Euro (€), Swedish krona (SEK), Australian dollar (ÄD), 2015 Total costs: NR | Base case ICERs (cost/additional QALY): 240,909 SEK, $24,621 AUD, €22,099 (Germany), €22,503 (Spain), €16,008 (Italy), €31,887 (France), €19,445 (Portugal), €14,209 (Netherlands) |
| Bilir et al, 2017,79 United States, conference abstract | Economic analysis: CUA Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: NR Time horizon: 50 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 1 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
Total QALYs: 12.6 for SMBG, 13.6 for flash | Currency, cost year: Swedish krona, 2016 Flash: 1,786,017 SEK SMBG: 1,681,620 SEK |
Base case ICERs (cost/additional QALY): 97,468 SEK |
| Billir et al, 2017,78 United States, conference abstract |
Economic analysis: CUA Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: NR Time horizon: 50 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 1 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
Total QALYs: NR | Currency, cost year: GBP (€), NR Base case: NR |
Base case ICER (cost/additional QALY): €25,045 |
| Hellmund et al, 2018,87 United States, full-text journal article |
Economic analysis: cost analysis Study design: costing model Perspective: UK public health care system (NHS) Discount rate: NR |
People with type 1 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
NR | Currency, cost year: GBP, 2015 Base case (10 SMBG/d) Flash: €970 SMBG: €1,205 Scenario 1 (5.6 SMBG/d) SMBG: €675 Flash: €970 Scenario 2 (including costs of severe hypoglycemia) Flash: €1,191 SMBG: €1,103 Scenario 3 (16 SMBG/d) Flash: €970 SMBG: €1,927 |
NR |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||||||
| Hellmund, 2016,86 United States, conference abstract | Economic analysis: budget impact analysis Study design: NR Perspective: German health care system Time horizon: 3 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 2 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG | NR | Currency, cost year: Euro, NR Total costs Flash: €2,210 SMBG: €2,484 |
NR |
| Khan-Miron et al, 2017,85 Spain, conference abstract | Economic analysis: cost analysis Study design: NR Perspective: NR Time horizon: NR Discount rate: NR |
People with type 2 diabetes who require insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
NR | Currency, cost year: Euro, NR Base case Flash: €1,592 SMBG: €433 |
NR |
| Li et al, 2014,83 United States, conference abstract | Economic analysis: CUA Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: NR Time horizon: 40 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 2 diabetes who require insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
Total QALYs: NR | Currency, cost year; GBP, 2013 Base case: NR |
Base case ICER (cost/additional QALY): €10,034-€29,068 |
| Li et al, 2016,82 United States, conference abstract |
Economic analysis: CUA Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: NR Time horizon: 40 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 2 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
Total QALYs: NR | Currency, cost year: Euro, Swedish krona, 2015 Total costs: NR Discount rate: NR |
Base case ICERs (cost/additional QALY): 317,038 SEK, €29,672 (Germany), €28,745 (Spain), €20,968 (Italy), €29,008 (France), €28,369 (Portugal), €21,105 (Netherlands) |
| Type 1 and type 2 diabetes | ||||||
| Curto et al, 2017,84 Italy, conference abstract | Economic analysis: cost analysis Study design: NR Perspective: NR Time horizon: 1 y Discount rate: NR |
People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes living in Veneto, Italy Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash | NR | Currency, cost year: Euro, NR Yearly cost: €936 |
NR |
| Vellopoulou et al, 2017,81 Greece, conference abstract | Economic model: CUA Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: Greek payer Time horizon: lifetime Discount rate: NR |
People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age: NR Male (%): NR |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG |
Total QALYs: NR Incremental QALYs: Type 1: 0.567 Type 2: 0.317 |
Currency, cost year: Euro, NR Base case incremental cost Type 1: €8,225 Type 2: €6,236 3-year net budget impact Type 1: €5,114,658 Type 2: €614,473 Both: €5,729,131 |
Base case ICER (cost/additional QALY): Type 1: €14,567 Type 2: €19,703 |
| Healthcare Improvement Scotland, 2018,64 health technology assessment | Economic model: cost-utility study Study design: decision analytic model Perspective: NHS Time horizon: lifetime Discount rate: 3.5% annually |
People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who require intensive insulin treatment Age (years): 43.7 for type 1 diabetes, 59.2 for type 2 diabetes Male (%): 56.9 for type 1 diabetes, 67% for type 2 diabetes |
Intervention: flash Control: SMBG | Total QALYs: Type 1 Flash: 9.73 SMBG: 7.61 Type 2 Flash: 6.14 SMBG: 5.04 Incremental QALYs: Type 1: 2.12 Type 2: 1.09 |
Currency, cost year: GBP, year of costing NR Total costs: Type 1 Flash: €18,074 SMBG: €12,860 Type 2 Flash: €10,450 SMBG: €5,535 Incremental costs: Type 1: €5,214 Type 2: €4,916 Budget impact, flash: Year 1: €8.8 million Year 2: €18.2 million |
Base case ICERs (cost/additional QALY): Type 1: €2,459 Type 2: €4,498 |
Abbreviations: AUD, Australian dollars; CUA, cost–utility analysis; flash, flash glucose monitoring; GBP, Great British pound; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; NHS, National Health Service; NR, not reported; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year; SEK, Swedish krona; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose.