Table A2:

Risk of Bias^a Among Nonrandomized Trials (ROBINS-I Tool)

Author, Year	Pre-intervention		At Intervention		Postintervention
	Confounding	Study Participation Selection	Classification of Interventions	Deviations from Intended Intervention	Missing Data	Measurement of Outcomes	Selection of Reported Results
Mitsuishi et al, 201848	Low to moderate risk; length of follow-up not provided. There could be bias if length of follow-up affects outcomes differently between intervention groups. Also unknown confounders cannot be ruled out	Low risk; before-after study makes it unlikely that selection factors were associated with type of intervention	Low risk; nothing indicates that SMBG users would be misclassified as flash users or vice versa	Low risk; nothing indicates that intended SMBG users would use flash or vice versa	Low risk; nothing suggests that data were missing	Low risk; there could be subjectivity in the quality-of-life measurements, but all reported quality-of-life scales have been validated	Unknown risk; no information to assess unknown risks
Al Hayek et al, 201747	Low to moderate risk; unknown duration of SMBG use. Potential for bias if length of follow-up differs between intervention groups. Also unknown confounders cannot be ruled out	Low risk; before-after study makes it unlikely that selection factors were associated with type of intervention	Low risk; nothing indicates that SMBG users would be misclassified as flash users or vice versa	Low risk; nothing indicates that intended SMBG users would use flash or vice versa	Low risk; nothing suggests that data were missing	Low risk; there could be subjectivity in the quality of life measurements, but all reported quality of life scales have been validated	Unknown risk; no information to assess unknown risks
Moreno-Fernandez et al, 201850	Low to moderate risk; unknown confounders cannot be ruled out	Low risk; nothing indicates that interventions or other selection factors dictated who would participate in study	Low risk; nothing indicates that SMBG users would be misclassified as flash users or vice versa	Low risk; nothing indicates that intended SMBG users would use flash or vice versa	Low risk; nothing suggests that data were missing	Low risk; nothing suggests systematic errors in outcome measurements	Unknown risk; no information to assess unknown risks

Abbreviations: ROBINS-I, Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose.

^aPossible risk-of-bias levels: low, moderate, serious, critical, and no information.