hPSCs activation and the expression of the human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) receptors in hPSC. F-actin staining (A) showing morphological changes in hPSCs after treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β for 24h. Gene expression of α-SMA and FGFR-1c, -2c, -3c, -2b, -3b, -4. (B) in hPSCs after treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β for 24h. Western blot (C) and quantification (D) showing protein expression of α-SMA, col1, and FGFR3 after treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β for 48h. (E) Relative growth of cells after 48 hours treatment with FGF2 at different concentration and with or without TGF-β indicating no toxic effect exhibited by FGF2 at mentioned concentration. Data represents mean + SEM for at least 3 independent experiments. Statistical differences are *p<.05, ***p<.001.