Table 2. Preoperative characteristics of the training dataset.
| Variables | Overall (n=799) | Non-rupture (n=718) | Rupture (n=81) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male [n (%)] | 599 (75.0) | 535 (74.5) | 64 (79.0) | 0.453 |
| Age [year, mean (SD)] | 49.6 (11.5) | 49.2 (11.4) | 53.1 (11.8) | 0.004 |
| Height [cm, mean (SD)] | 169.86 (9.03) | 170.01 (8.93) | 168.55 (9.82) | 0.17 |
| Weight [kg, mean (SD)] | 75.12 (14.37) | 75.02 (14.96) | 76.01 (7.30) | 0.557 |
| BMI [kg/m2, mean (SD)] | 26.09 (4.92) | 25.98 (4.95) | 27.09 (4.59) | 0.053 |
| Symptoms/signs | ||||
| Syncope [n (%)] | 38 (4.8) | 23 (3.2) | 15 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Radiating pain [n (%)] | 40 (5.0) | 34 (4.7) | 6 (7.4) | 0.437 |
| Acute thoracic/back pain [n (%)] | 271 (33.9) | 233 (32.5) | 38 (46.9) | 0.013 |
| Hypotension/shock [n (%)] | 125 (15.6) | 110 (15.3) | 15 (18.5) | 0.555 |
| BP >160 mmHg at admission [n (%)] | 104 (13.0) | 90 (12.5) | 14 (17.3) | 0.303 |
| Lower limbs numbness/pain [n (%)] | 37 (4.6) | 21 (2.9) | 16 (19.8) | <0.001 |
| Acute phase [n (%)] | 674 (84.4) | 595 (82.9) | 79 (97.5) | 0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Dyslipidemia [n (%)] | 144 (18.0) | 126 (17.5) | 18 (22.2) | 0.376 |
| CAD [n (%)] | 22 (2.8) | 20 (2.8) | 2 (2.5) | 1 |
| Smoking [n (%)] | 326 (40.8) | 284 (39.6) | 42 (51.9) | 0.044 |
| Hx of cerebral infarction/hemorrhage [n (%)] | 43 (5.4) | 38 (5.3) | 5 (6.2) | 0.942 |
| MFS [n (%)] | 67 (8.4) | 65 (9.1) | 2 (2.5) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 24 (3.0) | 24 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.184 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 570 (71.3) | 537 (74.8) | 63 (77.8) | 0.556 |
| COPD [n (%)] | 7 (0.9) | 7 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.792 |
| Hx of heart surgery [n (%)] | 32 (4.0) | 29 (4.0) | 3 (3.7) | 1 |
| Hx of aortic surgery [n (%)] | 27 (3.4) | 26 (3.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0.422 |
| Family history of aortic disease [n (%)] | 14 (1.8) | 11 (1.5) | 3 (3.7) | 0.334 |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| Acute liver dysfunction [n (%)] | 65 (8.1) | 46 (6.4) | 19 (23.5) | <0.001 |
| Acute renal dysfunction [n (%)] | 104 (13.0) | 85 (11.8) | 19 (23.5) | 0.006 |
| WBC >15×109/L [n (%)] | 131 (16.4) | 106 (14.8) | 25 (30.9) | <0.001 |
| Imaging | ||||
| DeBakey I [n (%)] | 599 (75.0) | 531 (74.0) | 68 (84.0) | 0.067 |
| Size [cm, mean (SD)] | 4.77 (1.14) | 4.74 (1.14) | 5.09 (1.12) | 0.009 |
| AHI [mean (SD)] | 2.82 (0.68) | 2.79 (0.68) | 3.03 (0.68) | 0.003 |
| Periaortic hematoma [n (%)] | 87 (10.9) | 59 (8.2) | 28 (34.6) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary opacification [n (%)] | 59 (7.4) | 53 (7.4) | 6 (7.4) | 1 |
| EF [%, mean (SD)] | 59.73 (5.65) | 59.91 (5.66) | 58.10 (5.42) | 0.006 |
| EF <50% [n (%)] | 72 (9.0) | 59 (8.2) | 13 (16.0) | 0.033 |
| Pleural effusion [n (%)] | 102 (12.8) | 81 (11.3) | 21 (25.9) | <0.001 |
| Brachiocephalic artery involvement [n (%)] | 126 (15.8) | 107 (14.9) | 19 (23.5) | 0.066 |
| Celiac trunk artery involvement [n (%)] | 162 (20.3) | 144 (20.1) | 18 (22.2) | 0.754 |
| Superior mesenteric artery involvement [n (%)] | 101 (12.6) | 89 (12.4) | 12 (14.8) | 0.656 |
| Renal artery involvement [n (%)] | 224 (28.0) | 204 (28.4) | 20 (24.7) | 0.564 |
| Iliac artery involvement [n (%)] | 113 (14.1) | 100 (13.9) | 13 (16.0) | 0.725 |
| Hemopericardium [n (%)] | 65 (8.1) | 41 (5.7) | 24 (29.6) | <0.001 |
| Aortic insufficiency [n (%)] | 270 (33.8) | 243 (33.8) | 27 (33.3) | 1 |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; Hx, history; MFS, Marfan syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cell count; AHI, aortic height index; EF, ejection fraction.