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. 2020 Jan 2;11:51. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13827-6

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© This is a U.S Government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic of the afferent nerve of a biological somatosensory system. Action potentials are generated in the skin and transported to the brain for processing. Spiking frequency increases with increasing stimuli intensity and decreases under strong stimuli due to the protective inhibition. b The artificial spiking somatosensory system, consisting of a mechanical sensor and an artificial spiking afferent nerve (ASAN) made of a resistor and a NbO_x memristor. The spiking frequency shows a similar trend to that seen in its biological counterpart, which is then transmitted to the spiking neural processing unit for further processing to complete a complex task.