Fig. 5. Effects of CAR on inflammatory mediator concentrations in the hippocampus and prefrontral cortex of rats exposed to LPS.

Interleukin (IL)-1β (A), IL-6 (B), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (C), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (D), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (E) concentrations (n = 6/group). CAR, carvacrol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SAL, saline-treated; IBU, ibuprofen. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 vs. SAL group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. LPS group.