Bioactivity of VID In Vitro
(A) Comparison of HUVEC proliferation rate detected by CCK-8, with error bars representing SD. OD450, optical density 450. (B) Endothelial tube formation was estimated following the incubation of HUVECs with conditioned media. 40×; scale bar, 200 μm. (C) The number of branches was quantified, with error bars representing SD. (D) HUVEC migration was estimated following the incubation with conditioned media. 100×; scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Cell migration rate was quantified, with error bars representing SD. **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant.