Lesions situated in the nasopharynx | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Therapy | Posology | Administration | Adverse effects | Contra-indications | Ref. |
Silver nitrate | 75% AgNO3 25% KNO3 |
Topical (sticks) | Pain Skin irritation Septal perforation Methemoglobinemia (rare) |
? | [20,21] |
Xylometazoline | 1:1000 | Nasal spray | Rebound vasodilation (if prolonged use) | Closed-angle glaucoma | [24,25] |
Tranexamic acid |
500 mg/5 ml |
Topical (gauze), for 10 min |
? |
? |
[22,23] |
Lesions situated in the oropharynx | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid | 500 mg/5 ml, 10 mL q.i.d. | Mouthwash suspension (swallow after use) | Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[[26], [27], [28], [29]] |
Adrenaline |
2.5–5 ml 1% in 5 ml 0.9% saline q.i.d. |
Nebulisation |
None |
None |
[30] |
Inaccessible lesions (ENT) | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid |
1–1.5 g t.i.d. | Oral | Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[31] |
10–15 mg/kg t.i.d. |
Intravenous |
||||
Pulmonary pathologies | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid | 500 mg/5 ml t.i.d. - q.i.d. | Nebulisation | None | ? | [[43], [44], [45],60] |
1–1.5 g t.i.d. | Oral | Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[39] | |
10 (−15) mg/kg t.i.d. - q.i.d. |
Intravenous |
[[40], [41], [42]] |
|||
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid | 1–1.5 g t.i.d. | Oral | Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[47] |
10–15 mg/kg t.i.d. | Intravenous | ||||
Octreotide | 100–200 mg t.i.d. | Subcutaneous | ? | None | [50] |
10 mcg push then 25 mcg/h |
Intravenous |
If > 100 mcg/h: nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea |
|||
Rectal bleeding | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid | 500 mg, 10 ml water b.i.d. | Rectal (enema) | ? | ? | [53] |
1 g t.i.d. |
Oral |
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[31] |
|
Vesical bleeding | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid | 1 g t.i.d. | Oral | Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[60] |
Tranexamic acid |
100 ml of 5% b.i.d. |
Intravesical |
Intravesical clot retention |
? |
[60,68] |
Prostate bleeding | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid |
1–1.5 g t.i.d. |
Oral |
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[31] |
Vaginal bleeding | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Tranexamic acid | 500 mg/5 ml | Topical (gauze), apply pressure for 10 min | ? | ? | None |
1–1.5 g t.i.d. |
Oral |
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
None |
|
Malignant ulcers | |||||
Therapy |
Posology |
Administration |
Adverse effects |
Contra-indications |
Ref. |
Alginate | – | Topical dressings | Mechanical damage upon dressing removal | ? | [60,82] |
Adrenaline | 1:1000 | Topical (gauze) for 5–10 min | Rebound bleeding Ischaemic necrosis |
None | [60] |
Tranexamic acid | 500 mg in 5 ml | Topical (gauze) | ? | ? | [83,84] |
1 g b.i.d. for 1 week following cessation of bleeding | Oral | Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (25%) Colour vision disturbance |
Dose reduction if GFR < 50 ml/mn Active thromboembolic disease |
[83,84] |
Remarks: “?” corresponds to information currently unavailable in existing literature.