Table 1.
Baseline study sample characteristics, CA Multiethnic Cohort, 1993–2010.
| Baseline characteristics | Males |
Females |
|---|---|---|
| N = 40,870 | N = 54,602 | |
| Age at cohort entry (years)a | 61.7 ± 8.2 | 60.8 ± 8.4 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||
| African American | 26.2 | 34.9 |
| Japanese American | 13.9 | 10.9 |
| Latino | 48.4 | 38.5 |
| White | 11.5 | 15.7 |
| Family history of colorectal cancer (%) | 6.0 | 7.6 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2, %) | ||
| <25.0 | 31.6 | 36.4 |
| 25.0-<30.0 | 49.7 | 35.7 |
| ≥30.0 | 18.7 | 27.9 |
| Education completed (%) | ||
| less than high school | 28.4 | 26.4 |
| high school | 21.7 | 26.7 |
| some college | 28.6 | 29.0 |
| college or higher | 21.3 | 17.9 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 30.2 | 56.6 |
| Past smoker | 50.5 | 29.2 |
| Current smoker | 19.4 | 14.2 |
| Pack-years of cigarette smokinga,b | 17.7 ± 15.6 | 13.9 ± 13.6 |
| History of intestinal polyps (%) | 4.5 | 3.6 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 15.0 | 13.0 |
| Physical activity >2.5 hrs/wk (%) | 11.3 | 8.0 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use (%)d | 54.0 | 60.1 |
| Current use of hormone replacement therapy (%) | – | 23.0 |
| Multivitamin use (%)e | 48.2 | 53.6 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day)a,f | 2390 ± 1223 | 1968 ± 1021 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day)a | 13.5 ± 33.6 | 3.7 ± 14.1 |
| Red & processed meat (g/1000 kcal/day)a | 22.2 ± 14.5 | 18.3 ± 13.4 |
| Fiber (g/1000 kcal/day)a | 11.8 ± 4.2 | 13.3 ± 4.4 |
| Calcium (mg/1000 kcal/day)a | 376.1 ± 120.4 | 411.9 ± 136.6 |
| Folacin (mcg/1000 kcal/day)a | 181.6 ± 78.5 | 196.7 ± 82.4 |
| Vitamin D (IU/1000 kcal/day)a | 154.8 ± 189.0 | 188.3 ± 229.1 |
aMean ± standard deviation.
bFor current and former smokers only.
cHours per day of vigorous activity.
dEver used at least 2 times per week for 1 month or longer.
eRegular use (at least once a week) in the last year.
fAverage energy intake during the last year.