Table 4.
Association between neighborhood change and colorectal cancer incidence, CA Multiethnic Cohort, 1993–2010.
| Parameter | Direction of changea | Men |
Women |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All |
Nonmovers |
Movers (1997-2005) |
All |
Nonmovers |
Movers (1997-2005) |
||
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
| nSES | down | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 1.13 (0.91–1.41) | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) | 1.20 (0.84–1.70) |
| up | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 1.11 (0.91–1.37) | 0.86 (0.63–1.17) | 1.06 (0.92–1.24) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | |
| Population density | down | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 1.18 (0.85–1.64) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | 1.14 (0.80–1.61) |
| up | 1.37 (1.12–1.67)* | 1.35 (1.03–1.77) | 1.42 (0.97–2.06) | 1.23 (0.99–1.52) | 1.41 (1.06–1.88) | 1.24 (0.87–1.78) | |
| Fast food | down | 1.03 (0.76–1.38) | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 1.20 (0.65–2.21) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 1.37 (0.75–2.51) |
| up | 1.19 (0.97–1.45) | 1.14 (0.86–1.50) | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.95 (0.73–1.25) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | |
| Restaurantsb | down | 0.89 (0.74–1.09) | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) | 0.87 (0.59–1.29) | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 1.09 (0.86–1.37) | 1.16 (0.85–1.60) |
| up | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 1.14 (0.82–1.57) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 1.06 (0.87–1.30) | 1.27 (0.91–1.77) | |
| Supermarkets | down | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 1.15 (0.92–1.44) | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) | 0.77 (0.54–1.09) |
| up | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 1.06 (0.77–1.44) | |
| Percent commute | down | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 0.80 (0.57–1.13) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 1.00 (0.71–1.40) |
| up | 1.08 (0.93–1.27) | 1.03 (0.85–1.26) | 1.00 (0.74–1.36) | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) | |
| Total businesses | down | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 1.10 (0.78–1.54) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) |
| up | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) | 0.76 (0.60–0.95) | 1.07 (0.77–1.50) | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) | 0.74 (0.52–1.07) | |
| Traffic density | down | 0.80 (0.63–1.01) | 0.66 (0.46–0.96) | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) | 1.18 (0.94–1.47) | 1.18 (0.83–1.70) | 1.43 (1.02–2.00) |
| up | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 0.91 (0.70–1.17) | 0.83 (0.56–1.22) | 1.09 (0.88–1.36) | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | |
| Street Connectivity (Gamma) | down | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | 1.34 (1.03–1.73) | 1.25 (0.88–1.78) | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.96 (0.65–1.44) |
| up | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 1.03 (0.72–1.46) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.86 (0.60–1.23) | |
| Recreational facilities | down | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | 1.54 (1.14–2.06)* | 0.69 (0.40–1.20) | 0.80 (0.57–1.13) | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | 0.90 (0.45–1.78) |
| up | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.70 (0.55–0.89)* | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | |
NOTE: All models are adjusted for the following covariates measured at baseline: age at study entry, body mass index, family history of CRC, history of intestinal polyps, education, cigarette smoking, multivitamin use at least once a week in the last year, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, alcohol consumption during the last year, moderate to vigorous physical activity during the last year, history of diabetes, average energy intake during the last year; dietary intake of red and processed meat, dietary fiber, calcium, folate, and Vitamin D; use of hormone therapy (women only), and baseline level of the corresponding neighborhood factor. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. Asterisk (*) indicates associations statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
A shift up or down by 1 or more distribution quintiles.
Other than fast food restaurants.