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. 2019 Dec 5;20(24):6145. doi: 10.3390/ijms20246145

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Measurements of protein expression in HepG2 cells after treatment with TA. The expression of antioxidant proteins expressions has been illustrated to be influenced by TA acid. Superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression was significantly reduced (*** p< 0.001) in all treatments in relation to the control. GPx expression was significantly (*** p < 0.0001) decreased by TA treatment in IC₂₅ and IC₅₀ Nrf2 expression was significantly (* p < 0.05) reduced by TA treatment at IC₂₅ relative to control (using ANOVA and student t-tests).