Table 3.

HMGB1 and diabetic cerebrovascular disease, summary of the evidences. T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; MCAo: middle cerebral artery occlusion; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMSCs: bone marrow stromal cells; N: nicotinamide; BBB: blood brain barrier.

Ref.	Year	Aim	HMGB1
Ye et al.	2011	Role of HMGB1 and RAGE in stroke in T1DM rats and role of niaspan on pro-inflammatory proteins expression.	Increased HMGB1 expression after stroke in brains of STZ-induced MCAo rats. Niaspan treatment in STZ-induced MCAo rats decreased HMGB1 expression.
Hu et al.	2016	Role of HMGB1 in stroke in T2DM rats and role of BMSCs in HMGB1 inflammation.	MCAo STZ/N-induced rats: increased HMGB1 and RAGE expression, increased BBB leakage, decreased functional outcome after stroke. Injection of BMSCs in STZ/N-induced rats: decreased HMGB1 and RAGE expression, attenuated BBB leakage and improved functional outcome after stroke, decreased inflammation after stroke.