Table 1.
Chemical composition of brown, red and green seaweeds (on DM basis) 1.
| Seaweeds | BROWN | RED | GREEN | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Laminaria spp. * |
Ascophillum
nodosum |
Sargassum spp. ⁑ |
Fucus spp. # |
Saccharina
latissima |
Macrocystis
pyrifera |
Palmaria
palmata |
Ulva
lactuca |
|
| Crude protein % | 9.4 (5.3–16.1) |
7.4 (4.9–8.7) |
10 (8.5–13.6) |
12.6 (12.2–12.9) |
7.6 (7.1–8.1) |
8.3 (8–10) |
21.9 (15.1–31.4) |
16.2 (7.06–23.1) |
| Ether extract % | 1.1 (0.8–2.4) |
5.3 (3.9–8.6) |
0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
6.1 (3.7–8.4) |
5.5 | 1.8 (0.5–3.9) |
8.9 (4.9–12.9) |
1.3 (0.25–1.64) |
| Crude Fiber % | 11.6 (6.6–16.6) |
5.5 (5.4–5.5) |
18.2 (6.4–38) |
10.7 (5.4–16) |
23 (6.6–40) |
33.4 (5.5–50) |
1.5 (1.49–1.50) |
9.6 (6.9–12.3) |
| Ash % | 27.8 (19.6–31.5) |
24.8 (21.1–30.9) |
27.6 (19.4–35.9) |
21.6 (20.7–22.5) |
22.5 (13.3–31.7) |
25.8 (20–35) |
19.3 (9–24.5) |
25.7 (21.3–26.2) |
| Gross energy MJ/kg | 12.7 (12.5–13) |
14.1 | 9.1 | 15.7 (15.5–16) |
11.1 | 9 | 16.9 | 15.2 (14.7–15.7) |
| Ca g/kg | 10 (8–12.55) |
16.4 (9.8–20) |
14.7 (3.8–27.2) |
9.9 (8.9–12.8) |
9.8 (9.6–10) |
14.1 (11.6–16.6) |
2.6 (1–4.2) |
12.6 (6.1–29.2) |
| P g/kg | 2.2 (1.2–3) |
1 | 1.7 (1–2.2) |
1.9 (1.4–2.3) |
2.7 (2.2–3.1) |
2.9 (2.6–3.2) |
4 (3–5) |
2.1 (1.3–2.7) |
| K g/kg | 54 (48.6–59.5) |
28.5 (20–37.7) |
46.2 | 22.9 (0.4–36.1) |
52.5 | 67.5 (44.8–112.3) |
37.1 (27–47.2) |
14.4 (1.5–22.1) |
| Na g/kg | 23.9 (22.5–25.3) |
37.5 (25–45.7) |
– | 24.2 (0.2–45.8) |
33 | 36.9 (17.1-56.7) |
7.2 (3.3–11) |
13.9 (2.9–20.2) |
| Mg g/kg | 6.3( 5.5–7.2) |
6.8 (1–8.6) |
6.4 (4–7.7) |
7.5 (7–8.33) |
6.3 (5.1–7.4) |
39 (16.2–61.8) |
2.3 | 13 (1.9–20.5) |
| Mn, mg/kg | 7.1 (3.1–11) |
17.8 (12–25) |
88.3 (26.7–214) |
104.7 (8.2–177.8) |
8.2 (3.9–12.4) |
11 | 71.6 (11–168) |
38.7 (10.1–122) |
| Zn mg/kg | 22.6 11–31.5) |
116.8 (30.3–181) |
79.3 (12–214) |
118.1 (45.3–275.3) |
35.4 (29.2–41.55) |
12 | 65.1 (23.6–143) |
29 (16.1–45) |
| Cu mg/kg | 2.4 (1.2–5.9) |
17.8 (4.2–28) |
6. (2.3–7) |
9.3 (2–23.5) |
4.5 (1.1–7.9) |
2 | 11.1 (3.8–24) |
8.5 (3.3–12) |
| Fe mg/kg | 107.3 (58–179) |
157.8 (122–241) |
2678 (307–7291) |
351.9 (189–559) |
529 (30–1028) |
117 | 202.5 (139–315) |
462.2 (105–1481) |
| I mg/kg | 2991.7 (833–5100) |
777 | 399.5 (216–583) |
376 (232–677) |
1448.5 (957–1940) |
– | 278 | 56.7 |
| Se mg/kg | 0.6 (0.29–0.93) |
0.5 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) |
0.8 (0.2–1.2) |
1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
– | 0.1 | 1.2 (0.4–1.9) |
| Co mg/kg | 0.1 (0.08–0.11) |
0.6 | 0.4 (0.36–0.47) |
1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
0.4 | – | 0.03 | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) |
| Vitamin E mg/kg | 672 (3–2000) |
230 (80–500) |
10 | 164 (100–356) |
1.6 | 928 | 69.6 (22–152) |
12.95 (2.8–35) |
| Vitamin A mg/kg ** | 154.6 (22–299) |
57 (35–80) |
51 | 17.8 (7–28.6) |
0.42 | 12.39 | 142.9 (15.2–270) |
3.5 (0.1–7) |
| Vitamin C mg/kg | 632 (355–910) |
860 (81–1650) |
560 | 383 (141–770) |
11.5 (3.5–18.8) |
– | 78.3 (0.7–156) |
141.5 (42–241) |
| Vitamin B1 mg/kg | 7.45 (2.4–12.5) |
14(1–27) | 4 | 0.2 | 0.72 (0.5–0.94) |
– | 18 (0.7–40) |
40 |
| Vitamin B2 mg/kg | 4.9 (1.4–8.5) |
7.5 (5–10) |
65 | 0.35 | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) |
– | 16 (4.3–19) |
5.1 (5–5.3) |
| Vitamin B3 mg/kg | 314 (158–612) |
15 | 20 | – | – | – | 45 (10.1–83) |
– |
| References | [13,17,19,21,37,38,39,40,41] | [17,18,21,24,28,37,42,43,44,45] | [17,19,24,37,45] | [18,19,21,23,28,37,40] | [19,21,23,28,38] | [17,46,47,48,49] | [17,23,28,37,50] | [17,19,21,23,37,44,47,51] |
1 data are reported as mean values and ranges. * values from Laminaria digitata and hyperarborea. ⁑ values from Sargassum Patens, hemifhyllum, henslowianum. # Values from Fucus vesciculosus, giuryi, serratus, spiralys. ** as provitamin carotenoids.