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. 2019 Dec 3;9(12):1074. doi: 10.3390/ani9121074

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of cycle heat stress or chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) supplementation during cyclic heat stress on IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in kidney. Values are mean ± standard error, n = 6. The values having different superscript letters are different (p < 0.05). CON, thermoneutral (24 °C for 24 h/d); HS, heat stress (35 °C for 4 h/d followed by 24 °C for 20 h/d); HSC, heat stress with 200 mg/kg COS supplementation. IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.