Table 1.
Animal Models | Rat BCAO | Mouse BCAS | Mouse ACAS | Baboon 3-VO |
---|---|---|---|---|
CBF reduction (% preoperative level) |
Rapid reduction to 30–50% of the original level with gradual recovery |
Rapid reduction to 70% of the original level with gradual recovery by 0.18 mm microcoils |
Gradual reduction to 60% (AC side) and 70% (microcoil side) of the original level without recovery |
Under investigation |
White matter lesion | Demyelination appears 14 days after surgery |
Demyelination appears 14 days after surgery |
Multiple infarcts and demyelination appears 14 days after surgery |
Demyelination appears 14 days after surgery |
Gray matter lesion | Rare | No gray matter infarction by microcoils with an inner diameter of 0.18 mm or more |
Multiple infarcts only on the AC side |
Rare |
Cognitive dysfunction | Spatial working memory impairment |
Spatial working memory impairment |
Spatial working/reference memory impairment |
Under investigation |
Motor dysfunction | No motor deficits | No motor deficits before 3 months |
Muscle weakness and gait disturbance |
Temporal hemiparesis after surgery |
BCAO, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion; BCAS, bilateral common carotid artery stenosis; ACAS, asymmetric common carotid artery surgery; 3-VO, three-vessel occlusion; AC, ameroid constrictor.