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. 2019 Dec 9;20(24):6205. doi: 10.3390/ijms20246205

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic chart of the experimental work performed to isolate, characterize and analyze C. clementine fruit juice-derived exosome-like nanovesicles. (A) Lower left image shows the pellets obtained after diffferential ultracentrifugation (UC) lower right image shows the separation obtained by sucrose/D₂O double cushion UC. The vesicles floating above the 1M sucrose/D₂O cushion were found to be similar in density to mammalian extracellular vesicles. (B) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein profiles (right) and of vesicle populations in the 1 M and 2 M sucrose/D₂O cushions and the particle-size distributions of vesicles isolated in the 1M sucrose/D₂O cushion and measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). (C). Venn diagram generated by FunRich software [1] shows the numbers of unique and common Orthologous Groups (OGs) of the identified protein. OGs of Citrus clementina (azure) were compared to four citrus species (C. sinensis, C. limon, C. paradise and C. aurantium) (yellow) [13] and EVpedia (red) [14].