Table 3.
Ruminal ecology, ammonia nitrogen, microorganism, volatile fatty acid profile, and methane estimation of cattle feeding rice straw and purple field corn stove treated Pleurotus ostreatus and Volvariella volvacea.
| Parameters | RS | PPCS | SEM | Contrast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. osteratus | V. volvacea | P. osteratus | V. volvacea | R | WRF | R × WRF | ||
| Rumen ecology | ||||||||
| Ruminal temperature, °C | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 38.30 | 38.47 | 38.55 | 38.12 | 0.26 | 0.85 | 0.63 | 0.28 |
| 4 h post feeding | 39.33 | 39.36 | 39.26 | 38.86 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.52 | 0.46 |
| Mean | 38.82 | 38.91 | 38.91 | 38.49 | 0.24 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.32 |
| Ruminal pH | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 7.08 | 7.19 | 7.12 | 6.97 | 0.18 | 0.63 | 0.91 | 0.51 |
| 4 h post feeding | 7.06 | 7.06 | 6.95 | 6.52 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| Mean | 6.95 | 7.00 | 7.04 | 6.75 | 0.28 | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.26 |
| Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration, mg/dL | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 12.95 | 12.60 | 14.36 | 14.36 | 1.51 | 0.31 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| 4 h post feeding | 14.71 a | 14.51 a | 16.75 b | 17.60 b | 0.28 | <0.01 | 0.27 | 0.08 |
| Mean | 14.53 | 14.43 | 14.85 | 15.11 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 0.92 | 0.83 |
| Volatile fatty acid profile, mol/100 mol | ||||||||
| Acetic acid | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 53.52 | 53.51 | 55.14 | 56.63 | 2.70 | 0.39 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
| 4 h post feeding | 55.44 a | 55.17 a | 58.70 b | 62.19 b | 2.14 | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.39 |
| Mean | 54.48 | 54.59 | 56.85 | 54.59 | 2.04 | 0.10 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
| Propionic acid | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 28.51 a | 28.99 a | 33.66 b | 32.09 b | 1.51 | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.51 |
| 4 h post feeding | 32.59 a | 32.26 a | 36.37 b | 35.47 b | 1.48 | 0.01 | 0.68 | 0.85 |
| Mean | 31.12 a | 30.62 a | 35.01 b | 33.78 b | 1.29 | 0.01 | 0.51 | 0.78 |
| Butyric acid | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 12.26 | 11.10 | 10.14 | 11.00 | 2.00 | 0.59 | 0.94 | 0.62 |
| 4 h post feeding | 12.78 | 12.12 | 10.88 | 12.72 | 2.20 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.58 |
| Mean | 12.52 | 11.06 | 10.51 | 10.72 | 1.52 | 0.45 | 0.69 | 0.59 |
| Total VFA | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 98.38 | 96.54 | 101.66 | 103.02 | 3.16 | 0.14 | 0.94 | 0.62 |
| 4 h post feeding | 96.73 a | 96.29 a | 103.99 b | 107.00 b | 1.98 | <0.01 | 0.53 | 0.40 |
| Mean | 98.57 a | 95.69 a | 101.60 b | 102.90 b | 1.81 | 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.27 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 16.75 | 15.00 | 13.25 | 14.25 | 1.63 | 0.21 | 0.82 | 0.41 |
| 4 h post feeding | 18.25 | 14.00 | 16.25 | 16.50 | 1.44 | 0.86 | 0.19 | 0.14 |
| Mean | 17.50 | 14.50 | 14.75 | 15.37 | 1.18 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.15 |
| Methane estimation *, mM/L | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 20.75 a | 21.05 a | 18.12 b | 18.72 b | 1.09 | 0.04 | 0.68 | 0.89 |
| 4 h post feeding | 23.68 a | 25.76 a | 20.04 b | 19.44 b | 1.17 | <0.01 | 0.54 | 0.27 |
| Mean | 22.21 a | 23.40 a | 19.08 b | 18.87 b | 1.09 | <0.01 | 0.66 | 0.53 |
| Microbial populations, cell/mL | ||||||||
| Bacteria, ×1010 | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 4.27 a | 5.00 a | 8.25 b | 6.53 b | 1.11 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.31 |
| 4 h post feeding | 4.87 a | 5.15 a | 9.65 b | 8.84 b | 2.02 | 0.05 | 0.89 | 0.79 |
| Mean | 5.51 a | 5.07 a | 8.65 b | 7.82 b | 1.06 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.85 |
| Protozoa, ×106 | ||||||||
| 0 h post feeding | 7.20 | 5.50 | 3.00 | 4.83 | 1.58 | 0.18 | 0.91 | 0.32 |
| 4 h post feeding | 6.62 a | 4.50 a | 3.50 b | 3.96 b | 0.66 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.09 |
| Mean | 6.91 a | 5.00 a | 3.25 b | 3.73 b | 0.78 | 0.02 | 0.34 | 0.16 |
* RS = rice straw; PPCS = purple field corn stover; R = roughage; WRF = white rot fungi; R × WRF = interaction between roughage and white rot fungi; CH4 = (0.45 × acetic acid) − (0.275 × propionic acid) + (0.40 × butyric acid) (Moss et al., 2000). SEM, standard error of the mean. a,b Means differing letters across rows indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).