Table 2.
Association Between Childhood SES and Late-Adulthood Depression
| Dependent variable | Ordinary least squares | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | Men | Women | |||
| Depression | Log income | Depression | Depression | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Male | −0.895*** (0.0276) |
0.0586*** (0.0159) |
−0.892*** (0.0276) |
N/A | N/A |
| Equivalized household income (Log) | N/A | N/A | −0.0524*** (0.0135) |
−0.0407** (0.0190) |
−0.0628*** (0.0195) |
| 1st Decile of childhood SES | 0.371*** (0.0630) |
−0.117*** (0.0343) |
0.365*** (0.0630) |
0.225*** (0.0839) |
0.471*** (0.0913) |
| 2nd Decile of childhood SES | 0.255*** (0.0631) |
0.0747* (0.0381) |
0.251*** (0.0630) |
0.133 (0.0828) |
0.341*** (0.0923) |
| 3rd Decile of childhood SES | 0.206*** (0.0615) |
−0.0296 (0.0345) |
0.205*** (0.0615) |
0.190** (0.0818) |
0.212** (0.0891) |
| 4th Decile of childhood SES | 0.0310 (0.0610) |
−0.00232 (0.0337) |
0.0309 (0.0610) |
0.0843 (0.0812) |
−0.0107 (0.0883) |
| 5th Decile of childhood SES | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 6th Decile of childhood SES | −0.0421 (0.0604) |
0.0336 (0.0334) |
−0.0403 (0.0604) |
−0.0362 (0.0802) |
−0.0566 (0.0877) |
| 7th Decile of childhood SES | −0.0862 (0.0608) |
0.0894*** (0.0334) |
−0.0815 (0.0608) |
−0.132 (0.0809) |
−0.0507 (0.0880) |
| 8th Decile of childhood SES | −0.0975 (0.0616) |
0.126*** (0.0374) |
−0.0909 (0.0616) |
−0.130 (0.0832) |
−0.0654 (0.0883) |
| 9th Decile of childhood SES | −0.113* (0.0618) |
0.190*** (0.0342) |
−0.103* (0.0618) |
−0.0757 (0.0827) |
−0.129 (0.0892) |
| 10th Decile of childhood SES | −0.165*** (0.0620) |
0.282*** (0.0353) |
−0.150** (0.0621) |
−0.0939 (0.0826) |
−0.205** (0.0900) |
| Cohort effects | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Country fixed effects | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Observations | 21,989 | 21,989 | 21,989 | 9,769 | 12,220 |
Notes. Constant not reported. N/A is not applicable.
*/**/*** indicate statistical significance at the 10%/5%/1% level, standard errors between brackets.