Table 2.
cVEDA sample characterisation: Assessment domains, tools& protocols
| Assessment domain | Questionnaires | 6–11 years | 12–17 years | 18–23 years | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic information | Socio-demographic questionnaire [89] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Migration questionnaire [90] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Exposures questionnaires | Environmental exposures questionnaire [91] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Adverse childhoodexperiences – International questionnaire [37] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale [92] | |||||
| Short food questionnaire (modified Food Frequency Questionnaire) [93] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Pregnancy History Instrument – Revised [94] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Indian Family Violence and Control Scale [95] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Mobile use questionnaire (Self-report) [96] | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Mobile use questionnaire (Parent-report) –from the SCAMP study (https://www.scampstudy.org) | ✓ | ||||
| Life Events Questionnaire [97] | ✓ | ||||
| Questions on urbanicity (devised to explore all places a participant has successively resided at) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Parenting | Alabama parenting questionnaire – Child & Parent [98, 99] | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Adolescent attachment questionnaire [100] | ✓ | ||||
| Parental bonding instrument [101] | ✓ | ||||
| Temperament | Childhoodbehavior questionnaire [102] | ✓ | |||
| Early adolescent temperament questionnaire [103] | ✓ | ||||
| Adult temperament questionnaire [104] | ✓ | ||||
| Big Five Personality inventory [105] | ✓ | ||||
| Strengths & difficulties questionnaire – Parent [106] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Strengths & difficulties questionnaire – Child [107] | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Strengths & difficulties questionnaire – Self-report [107] | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Psychiatric morbidity | MINI-KID [108] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| MINI-5 [109] | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| ASSIST-Plus [110–113] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| ASRS – ADHD [114] | ✓ | ||||
| Family history | Family history questionnaire (clinical assessment for presence of medical and/or psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of the participant) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Medical history | Medical problems questionnaire (clinical assessment for presence of medical disorders in the participant) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Puberty | PubertalDevelopmentScale [115] | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Neuropsychological assessment | Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL)[96] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Digit span test – forward and reverse | |||||
| Corsi block test – forward and reverse | |||||
| Now or later test | |||||
| Trail making test | |||||
| Sort the cards | |||||
| Stop signal task [122] | |||||
| Balloon analogue risk task [121] | |||||
| Emotion recognition task | |||||
| Social Cognition Rating Tool in the Indian Setting [116] | |||||
| Anthropometry | Height | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Weight | |||||
| Mid arm circumference | |||||
| Leg length | |||||
| Head circumference | |||||
| Neuroimaging | Structural MRI | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| T1-weighted, 3D magnetization prepared gradient echo sequence (MPRAGE) based on the ADNI protocol (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/ADNI/Cores/index.shtml): | |||||
| T2 weighted fast- (turbo-) spin echo | |||||
| FLAIR scans | |||||
| Diffusion MRI | |||||
| Single-shot spin-echo EPI sequence | |||||
| Single acquisition session | |||||
| Acquisition repeated with reversed blips | |||||
|
Resting state functional MRI BOLD functional images acquired with a gradient- echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequence, using a relatively short echo-time to optimize reliable imaging of subcortical areas. | |||||
| Toxicology | Urinary volatile organic compounds | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Solid phase extraction followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. | |||||
| Urinary Arsenic | |||||
| Flow injection system by Atomic | |||||
| Absorption Spectrometer (PerkinElmer AA800, USA) | |||||
| Plasma lead | |||||
| Transversely-heated graphite furnace and Zeeman background correctionusing Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (PerkinElmer AA800, USA) |