Table 2.
Impact of hand-washing on parasite re-infection rates across children with different base-line demographic and disease characteristics (n = 365)
| Hand-washing vs. control | Nail clipping vs. control | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.43 (0.24, 0.68) | 0.59 (0.36, 0.98) | |||
| Gender |
Male 150 (41%) |
Female 215 (49%) |
Male 150 (41%) |
Female 215 (49%) |
| AOR (CI)a | AOR (CI)a | AOR (CI)a | AOR (CI)a | |
| 0.41 (0.17, 0.97) | 0.39 (0.20, 0.75) | 0.34 (0.14, 0.82) | 0.79 (0.41, 1.51) | |
| p = 0.923 | p = 0.131 | |||
| Age | 6–9 years | 10–15 years | 6–9 years | 10–15 years |
| 208 (57%) | 157 (43%) | 208 (57%) | 157 (43%) | |
| 0.30 (0.13, 0.66) | 0.50 (0.25, 1.01) | 0.50 (0.23, 1.09) | 0.66 (0.33, 1.31) | |
| p = 0.338 | p = 0.604 | |||
| Water source | Pipeline and borehole | Wells and streams | Pipeline and borehole | Wells and streams |
| 321 (88%) | 44 (12%) | 321 (88%) | 44 (12%) | |
| 0.44 (0.25, 0.76) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.68) | 0.68 (0.39, 1.17) | 0.09 (0.13, 0.64) | |
| p = 0.134 | p = 0.053 | |||
| Latrine use | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 139 (38%) | 226 (62%) | 139 (38%) | 226 (62%) | |
| 0.33 (0.13, 0.81) | 0.44 (0.23, 0.84) | 0.48 (0.20, 1.19) | 0.61 (0.32, 1.16) | |
| p = 0.744 | p = 0.791 | |||
| Mother education | Literate | Illiterate | Literate | Illiterate |
| 161 (44%) | 204 (56%) | 161 (44%) | 204 (56%) | |
| 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) | 0.28 (0.14, 0.58) | 0.83 (0.37, 1.85) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.84) | |
| p = 0.198 | p = 0.207 | |||
| Maternal age | ≤ 35 | > 35 | ≤ 35 | > 35 |
| 193 (53%) | 172 (47%) | 193 (53%) | 172 (47%) | |
| 0.22 (0.09, 0.51) | 0.58 (0.28, 1.22) | 0.58 (0.21, 1.58) | 0.71 (0.25, 2.02) | |
| p = 0.085 | p = 0.787 | |||
| Family size | ≤ 6 members | > 6 members | ≤ 6 members | > 6 members |
| 208 (57%) | 157 (43%) | 208 (57%) | 157 (43%) | |
| 0.27 (0.13, 0.54) | 0.69 (0.31, 1.55) | 0.60 (0.30, 1.17) | 0.53 (0.23, 1.20) | |
| p = 0.082 | p = 0.814 | |||
| House ownership | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 307 (84%) | 58 (16%) | 307 (84%) | 58 (16%) | |
| 0.45 (0.26, 0.79) | 0.17 (0.03, 0.88) | 0.71 (0.40, 1.24) | 0.19 (0.05, 0.77) | |
| p = 0.661 | p = 0.386 | |||
| Baseline parasite infection status | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 146 (40%) | 219 (60%) | 146 (40%) | 219 (60%) | |
| 0.48 (0.23, 1.01) | 0.31 (0.14, 0.67) | 0.44 (0.20, 0.97) | 0.69 (0.34, 1.43) | |
| p = 0.048* | p = 0.696 | |||
| Baseline anemia status | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 106 (29%) | 259 (71%) | 106 (29%) | 259 (71%) | |
| 0.59 (0.25, 1.39) | 0.32 (0.16, 0.64) | 0.54 (0.23, 1.26) | 0.60 (0.31, 1.15) | |
| p = 0.577 | p = 366 | |||
| Baseline BMI-for-age | Thin | Normal | Thin | Normal |
| 150 (41%) | 215 (59%) | 150 (41%) | 215 (59%) | |
| 0.33 0.15, 0.75) | 0.45 (0.23, 0.91) | 0.44 (0.20, 0.97) | 0.71 (0.36, 1.42) | |
| p = 0.577 | p = 0.366 | |||
CI 95% confidence interval, AOR adjusted odds ratio
* Statistically significant at 0.05
aAdjusted for intervention