Table 1 –
Characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 281) | Normal glucose (n = 272) | GDM Dx (n = 9) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study location | ||||
| Urban | 140 (49.8) | 134 (49.3) | 6 (66.7) | 0.335 |
| Rural | 141 (50.2) | 138 (50.7) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Age (years)a | 27.68 ± 5.86 | 27.49 ± 5.81 | 33.22 ± 4.84 | 0.004 |
| (27.00–28.37) | (26.75–28.31) | (29.50–36.94) | ||
| Gestational Age (Wks)a | 29.33 ± 1.9 | 29.32 ± 1.9 | 29.46 ±1.9 | 0.937 |
| (29.10–29.55) | (29.09–29.55) | (28.02–30.91) | ||
| Previous Births | ||||
| None | 89 (31.7) | 87 (32) | 2 (22.2) | 0.248 |
| 1–2 | 133 (47.3) | 130 (47.8) | 3 (33.3) | |
| ≥3 | 59 (21.0) | 55 (20.2) | 4 (44.4) | |
| LGA (≥4 kg) | 51 (18.1) | 49 (18.0) | 2 (22.2) | 0.669 |
| Previous AB or Stillbirth | 40 (14.3) | 37 (13.6) | 3 (33.3) | 0.122 |
| Medical Problems | ||||
| None | 256 (91.1) | 249 (91.5) | 7 (77.8) | 0.186 |
| HTN | 11 (3.9) | 9 (3.3) | 2 (22.2) | 0.043 |
| HIV | 14 (5.0) | 14 (5.2) | 0 (0) | 0.999 |
| Family History | ||||
| None | 254 (90.4) | 245 (90.1) | 9 (100) | |
| T2DM | 13 (4.6) | 13 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 0.804 |
| HTN | 18 (6.4) | 18 (6.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Height (cm)a | 160.22 ± 6.82 | 160.28 ± 6.82 | 158.56 ±6.77 | 0.378 |
| (159.4–161.0) | (159.5–161.1) | (153.4–163.8) | ||
| Weight (kg)ac | 62.44 ± 9.77 | 62.21 ± 9.65 | 69.33 ±11.73 | 0.057 |
| (61.29–63.59) | (61.06–63.36) | (60.32–78.35) | ||
| BMIc | 24.36 ± 3.47 | 24.25 ± 3.38 | 27.60 ± 4.86 | |
| (23.95–24.77) | (23.85–24.66) | (23.87–31.33) | 0.023 | |
| Underweightb | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.131 |
| Normal | 172 (61.2) | 169 (62.1) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Overweight | 89 (31.7) | 85 (31.3) | 4 (44.5) | |
| Obese | 18 (6.4) | 16 (5.9) | 2 (22.2) | |
| SBP > 140 or DBP > 90 | 21 (7.5) | 20 (7.4) | 1 (11.1) | 0.508 |
| Urine Glucose | ||||
| Negative | 261 (92.9) | 256 (94.1) | 5 (55.6) | <0.0001 |
| Trace | 10 (3.6) | 9 (3.3) | 1 (11.1) | |
| +1 | 5 (1.8) | 5 (1.8) | 0 (0) | |
| +2 or +3 | 5 (1.8) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (33.3) |
LGA Large for gestational age, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, HTN Hypertension, T2DM Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, Wks Weeks.
a
Means and CI. (maternal age, gestational age).
b
Fischer’s Exact test.
c
Weight in Pregnancy at time of OGTT.