Figure 1.

Kaplan–Meier curves show the cumulative probabilities of developing pancreatic cancer during observation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of patients who underwent treatment for HCC in a Department of Gastroenterology (solid lines in a-c) and in a theoretical model of an age-, sex, and follow-up period-matched population that included the same number of subjects calculated from the National Cancer Statistics in Japan (dotted lines in a-c). Therefore, the numbers at risk are the same for the two groups. Disease-free survival of pancreatic cancer was shorter in the cohort than in the theoretical model. ThePvalues according to the log-rank test for (a) all patients (male and female combined), (b) male patients, and (c) female patients were 0.01, 0.06, and 0.10, respectively