Table 1.
Univariate analyses of CdTx positivity and risk factors
| CdTx-positive n=78 (50%) | CdTx-negative n=78 (50%) | P | OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 41 (52.6) | 45 (57.7) | 0.52 | 1.23 (0.65-2.31) |
| Male | 37 (47.4) | 33 (42.3) | ||
| Age, mean±SD | 41.3±16.3 | 51.12±20.16 | 0.001* | |
| Age groups (years), n (%) | ||||
| 18-28 | 17 (21.8) | 12 (15.4) | 0.05* | |
| 29-38 | 22 (28.2) | 14 (17.9) | ||
| 39-48 | 17 (21.8) | 12 (15.4) | ||
| 49-58 | 8 (10.3) | 10 (12.8) | ||
| 59-65 | 7 (9) | 9 (11.5) | ||
| >65 | 7 (9) | 21 (26.9) | ||
| Presentation, n (%) | ||||
| Nosocomial | 11 (14.1) | 37 (47.4) | 0.0001* | 5.49 (2.52-11.95) |
| Community-onset | 67 (85.9) | 41 (52.6) | ||
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) | 19 (13-24) | 15.5 (5.75-30.75 | 0.245 | |
| Length of hospital stay | 11/78 | 37/78 | ||
| <14 days, n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 18 (48.6) | 0.304 | 2.5 (0.57-11.04) |
| >14 days, n (%) | 8 (72.7) | 19 (51.4) | ||
| ICU follow-up, n (%) | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | 0.276 | 0.32 (0.06-1.62) |
| IBD, n (%) | 53 (67.9) | 7 (32.1) | 0.0001* | 21.5 (8.65-53.44) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 38 (48.7) | 6 (7.7) | ||
| Crohn's disease | 9 (11.5) | 1 (1.3) | ||
| Previous antibiotic use,** n (%) | 39 (50) | 36 (46.2) | 0.631 | 1.17 (0.62-2.18) |
| Cephalosporin group, n (%) | 11 (14.1) | 6 (7.7) | 0.199 | 1.97 (0.69-5.62) |
| ²-Lactam/²-lactamase inhibitor combination, n (%) | 6 (7.7) | 7 (9) | 0.772 | 0.84 (0.27-2.63) |
| Carbapenem group, n (%) | 4 (5.1) | 8 (10.3) | 0.229 | 0.47 (0.13-1.64) |
| Quinolone group, n (%) | 19 (24.4) | 4 (5.1) | 0.001* | 5.95 (1.92-18.46) |
| Previous PPI use, n (%) | 29 (37.2) | 9 (11.5) | 0.0001* | 4.53 (1.97-10.43) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy, n (%) | 40 (51.3) | 16 (20.5) | 0.0001* | 4.1 (2.01-8.3) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 9 (11.5) | 14 (17.9) | 0.259 | 0.6 (0.24-1.5) |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 5 (6.4) | 11 (14.1) | 0.186 | 0.42 (0.14-1.3) |
CdTx: Clostridium difficile toxin; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range; ICU: Intensive care unit; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor, *P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant, **Patients who used antibiotics in last 3 months