Table 1. Neck, shoulders and low-back complaints according to demographic and individual factors, socioeconomic level and behavioral factors: results of univariate logistic regression analysis .
| Variables | Total (n=1221) | Neck pain (n=391; 32%) | Shoulders pain (n=525; 43%) | Back pain (n=437; 35.8%) | ||||||
| n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|
Gender Male |
492 (40.3) | 124 (25.2) | 1.00 | 142 (28.9) | 1.00 | 164 (33.3) | 1.00 | |||
| Female | 729 (59.7) | 267 (36.6) | 1.70 (1.30, 2.20) | 0.001 | 383 (52.5) | 2.70 (2.10, 3.48) | 0.001 | 273 (37.4) | 1.17 (0.90, 1.52) | 0.140 |
|
Age groups (yr) 12-16 |
588 (48.2) | 160 (27.2) | 1.00 | 249 (42.3) | 1.00 | 174 (29.6) | 1.00 | |||
| >16 | 633 (51.8) | 231 (36.5) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.96) | 0.001 | 276 (43.6) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.30) | 0.600 | 263 (41.5) | 1.70 (1.30, 2.10) | 0.001 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) <18 |
271 (22.1) | 72 (26.6) | 1.00 | 0.048 | 112 (41.3) | 1.00 | 0.001 | 93 (34.3) | 1.00 | 0.001 |
| 18-25 | 701 (57.2) | 236 (32.9) | 1.30 (0.97, 1.80) | 0.072 | 296 (41.2) | 0.94 (0.70, 1.20) | 0.660 | 244 (34.0) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.20) | 0.560 |
| >25 | 229 (20.7) | 83 (35.8) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.30) | 0.015 | 117 (50.4) | 1.65 (1.16, 2.30) | 0.004 | 100 (43.1) | 1.70 (1.10, 2.40) | 0.003 |
|
Secondary school grade Basic education (first 3 yr) |
558 (45.7) | 150 (26.9) | 1.00 | 0.001 | 231 (41.4) | 1.00 | 0.380 | 152 (27.2) | 1.00 | 0.001 |
|
High school Common core (4-5th years) |
392 (32.1) | 132 (33.7) | 1.38 (1.10, 1.80) | 0.024 | 168 (42.9) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.30) | 0.650 | 161 (41.1) | 1.80 (1.40, 2.40) | 0.001 |
| Specialized terminal studies (6-7th yr) | 271 (22.2) | 109 (40.2) | 1.80 (1.34, 2.48) | 0.001 | 126 (46.5) | 1.23 (0.90, 1.60) | 0.160 | 124 (45.8) | 2.20 (1.66, 3.00) | 0.001 |
|
Residency Rural |
801 (65.6) | 257 (32.1) | 1.00 | 344 (42.9) | 1.00 | 269 (33.6) | 1.00 | |||
| Urban | 420 (34.4) | 134 (31.9) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.20) | 0.940 | 181 (43.1) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.20) | 0.960 | 168 (40.0) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.60) | 0.026 |
|
Socioeconomic level Family financial situation ($) | ||||||||||
| High (>1000) | 112 (9.2) | 38 (33.9) | 1.00 | 0.690 | 39 (34.8) | 1.00 | 0.120 | 28 (25.0) | 1.00 | 0.012 |
| Middle (200-1000) | 909 (74.4) | 285 (31.4) | 1.03 (0.6, 1.63) | 0.990 | 393 (43.2) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.60) | 0.046 | 325 (35.8) | 2.17 (1.30, 3.60) | 0.003 |
| Low (<200) | 200 (16.4) | 68 (34.0) | 0.89 (0.6, 1.34) | 0.580 | 93 (46.5) | 1.40 (0.90, 2.10) | 0.090 | 84 (42.0) | 1.67 (1.10, 2.61) | 0.025 |
|
Father education level Illiterate/primary school |
419 (34.3) | 151 (36.0) | 1.00 | 0.059 | 203 (48.4) | 1.00 | 0.021 | 167 (39.9) | 1.00 | 0.080 |
| High school | 525 (43.0) | 151 (28.8) | 0.7 (0.54, 0.94) | 0.017 | 210 (40.0) | 0.70 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.009 | 180 (34.3) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.00) | 0.070 |
| College degree | 277 (22.7) | 89 (32.1) | 0.84 (0.6, 1.15) | 0.290 | 112 (40.4) | 0.72 (0.52, 0.83) | 0.038 | 90 (32.5) | 0.72 (0.52, 0.90) | 0.040 |
|
Mother education level Illiterate/primary school |
529 (43.3) | 168 (31.8) | 1.00 | 0.940 | 249 (47.1) | 1.00 | 0.040 | 180 (34.0) | 1.00 | 0.300 |
| High school | 435 (35.6) | 142 (32.6) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.36) | 0.770 | 171 (39.3) | 0.72 (0.52, 0.94) | 0.016 | 155 (35.6) | 1.1 (0.82, 1.40) | 0.600 |
| College degree | 257 (21.0) | 81 (31.5) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.36) | 0.940 | 105 (40.9) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.10) | 0.100 | 102 (39.7) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.73) | 0.100 |
|
Hours per week playing sport <1 |
237 (19.4) | 88 (37.1) | 1.00 | 0.100 | 119 (50.2) | 1.00 | 0.001 | 99 (41.8) | 1.00 | 0.100 |
| 1-3 | 630 (51.6) | 187 (29.7) | 0.71 (0.52, 0.92) | 0.036 | 284 (45.1) | 0.81 (0.60, 1.10) | 0.170 | 218 (34.6) | 0.73 (0.54, 1.10) | 0.045 |
| >3 | 354 (29.0) | 116 (32.8) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.16) | 0.270 | 122 (34.5) | 0.52 (0.37, 0.73) | 0.001 | 120 (33.9) | 0.71 (0.51, 1.10) | 0.046 |
|
Hours per week using a computer <1 |
613 (50.2) | 186 (30.3) | 1.00 | 0.001 | 271 (44.2) | 1.00 | 0.690 | 201 (32.8) | 1.00 | 0.007 |
| 1-4 | 305 (25.0) | 83 (27.2) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.320 | 127 (41.6) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.18) | 0.460 | 105 (34.4) | 1.10 (0.80, 1.43) | 0.620 |
| >4 | 303 (24.8) | 122 (40.3) | 1.54 (1.16, 2.06) | 0.003 | 127 (41.9) | 0.91 (0.68, 1.20) | 0.510 | 131 (43.2) | 1.56 (1.17, 2.10) | 0.002 |
|
Hours per week watching TV <3 |
552 (45.2) | 182 (33.0) | 1.00 | 0.068 | 238 (43.1) | 1.00 | 0.780 | 186 (33.7) | 1.00 | 0.029 |
| 3-12 | 441 (36.1) | 125 (28.3) | 0.80 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.110 | 185 (42.0) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.20) | 0.710 | 152 (34.5) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.34) | 0.790 |
| >12 | 228 (18.7) | 84 (36.8) | 1.18 (0.85, 1.60) | 0.300 | 102 (44.7) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.40) | 0.670 | 99 (43.4) | 1.50 (1.10, 2.07) | 0.010 |
|
Hours per day playing videogames <1 |
649 (52.2) | 212 (32.7) | 1.00 | 0.490 | 266 (41.0) | 1.00 | 0.001 | 212 (32.7) | 1.00 | 0.002 |
| 1-2 | 249 (20.4) | 72 (28.9) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.15) | 0.280 | 89 (35.7) | 0.80 (0.52, 1.10) | 0.150 | 83 (33.3) | 1.03 (0.75, 1.40) | 0.840 |
| >2 | 323 (26.5) | 107 (33.1) | 0.83 (0.76, 1.30) | 0.880 | 170 (52.6) | 1.60 (1.20, 2.10) | 0.001 | 142 (44.0) | 1.61 (1.20, 2.10) | 0.001 |
N: Number; OR: Odds Ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; yr: Years; BMI: Body Mass Index