Table 5.
Associations between Patient and Procedural Characteristics and Preventable or Possibly Preventable (P/PP) Adverse Events (n = 1727)
| Any Severity (level 1–5) P/PP Adverse Events | High Severity (level 3–5) P/PP Adverse Events | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient and Procedural Characteristics | N | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) |
| Admission type | |||||
| Elective | 1379 | 103 (7%) | 1.0 | 44 (3%) | 1.0 |
| Nonelective (emergent) | 348 | 44 (13%) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) | 23 (7%) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.6) |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| Greater than or equal to 11 | 691 | 40 (6%) | 1.0 | 18 (3%) | 1.0 |
| 1 to 10 | 684 | 55 (8%) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 27 (4%) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.8) |
| Less than 1 | 352 | 52 (15%) | 2.8 (1.8, 4.4) | 22 (6%) | 2.5 (1.3, 4.7) |
| Weight (kilograms)* | |||||
| Greater than or equal to 10 | 1247 | 86 (7%) | 1.0 | 40 (3%) | 1.0 |
| 4 to 9.9 | 321 | 37 (12%) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) | 14 (4%) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) |
| Less than 4 | 120 | 24 (20%) | 3.4 (2.1, 5.6) | 13 (11%) | 3.7 (1.9, 7.1) |
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Isolated defect | 367 | 33 (9%) | 1.0 | 16 (4%) | 1.0 |
| No structural heart disease | 61 | 1 (2%) | 0.2 (0.02, 1.3) | 0 (0%) | — |
| Heart transplant | 353 | 13 (4%) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 6 (2%) | 0.4 (0.1, 1.0) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 58 | 4 (7%) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2) | 1 (2%) | 0.4 (0.05, 3.0) |
| Complex defect with two ventricles | 542 | 51 (9%) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 24 (4%) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) |
| Complex defect with one ventricle | 346 | 45 (13%) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | 20 (6%) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.6) |
| Diagnosis risk group | |||||
| 1 | 674 | 39 (6%) | 1.0 | 14 (2%) | 1.0 |
| 2 | 1053 | 108 (10%) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) | 53 (5%) | 2.5 (1.4, 4.5) |
| Indicator of hemodynamic vulnerability | |||||
| No | 1074 | 72 (7%) | 1.0 | 26 (2%) | 1.0 |
| Yes† | 653 | 75 (11%) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5) | 41 (6%) | 2.7 (1.6, 4.5) |
| Type of case | |||||
| Biopsy | 300 | 9 (3%) | 1.0 | 4 (1%) | 1.0 |
| Hemodynamic | 363 | 18 (5%) | 1.7 (0.7, 3.8) | 4 (1%) | 0.8 (0.2, 3.3) |
| Intervention | 1064 | 120 (11%) | 4.1 (2.1, 8.2) | 59 (6%) | 4.3 (1.6, 12.1) |
| Procedure type risk group | |||||
| 1 | 1254 | 76 (6%) | 1.0 | 23 (2%) | 1.0 |
| 2 | 265 | 35 (13%) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.6) | 22 (8%) | 4.8 (2.7, 8.8) |
| 3 | 208 | 36 (17%) | 3.2 (2.1, 5.0) | 22 (11%) | 6.3 (3.5, 11.6) |
*
Value missing for 39 cases.
†
Right ventricle systolic pressure greater than systemic, main pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than systemic or mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 30 mm Hg, systemic ventricle end diastolic pressure greater than 20 mm Hg, cardiac index less than 2 L/min/M2, systemic arterial saturation less than 75%, mixed venous saturation less than 50%, and/or case performed with heart lung bypass support.