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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Microbiol. 2019 Nov 4;5(1):56–66. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0596-1

Figure 3. Ber significantly alters enterolignan production in gnotobiotic mice.

Figure 3.

a, Mouse bacterial colonization levels were assessed by qPCR. Genome equivalents not detected or below the limit of quantitation (3×102 genome equivalents) are represented as NQ (not quantifiable). Center lines are mean±SEM (n=5 biologically independent samples). Mann-Whitney test for significance: **p=0.0079, two-tailed. b-h, Lignan levels in mice dosed with b-e, PINO (10 mg/kg) or f-h, PINO-diglucoside (20 mg/kg) measured by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Panels b,c,f,g represent END levels. Panels d,h represent ENL levels. Panel e represents PINO levels. Values are mean±SEM (n=5 biologically independent samples/colonization group with the following exceptions: b-e, 18-hr urine (ber+, n= 4 biologically independent samples), colon (GF, n=4 biologically independent samples; ber−, n=3 biologically independent samples), and serum at 6-hr timepoint (ber+, n= 4 biologically independent samples); g, ileum (ber+, n= 4 biologically independent samples). Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. ns: not statistically significant. ber+ and ber−: germ-free mice colonized with E. lenta DSM2243T (ber+ group) or E. lenta 1–3-56 (ber− group) and B. producta DSM3507, G. pamelaeae 3C, and L. longoviformis DSM17459T; mice dosed with PINO-diglucoside were also colonized with C. saccharogumia DSM17460T. GF: germ-free mice.