Table 4.
Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for poor sleep among 40 082 women who reported a traumatic childhood experience (TCE) by whether the trauma caused the victim distress or anxiety within the last 4 weeks (The Sister Study)
| Short sleep (<7 hours) | Takes > 30 minutes to fall asleep | Awakened ≥ 3 times once asleep ≥3 times/week | Napping ≥3 times per week | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| No reported trauma | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Any trauma | ||||
| No Distress | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) |
| Distress | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17) | 1.38 (1.31 to 1.45) | 1.22 (1.15 to 1.29) | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.34) |
| Natural disasters | ||||
| No distress | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) | 1.11 (0.98 to 1.26) | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.36) | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.30) |
| Distress | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.41) | 1.70 (1.42 to 2.03) | 1.14 (0.84 to 1.55) | 1.41 (1.04 to 1.91) |
| Major accidents | ||||
| No distress | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.18) | 1.24 (1.10 to 1.39) | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.31) | 1.00 (0.84 to 1.20) |
| Distress | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.50) | 1.76 (1.43 to 2.16) | 1.46 (1.10 to 1.94) | 1.80 (1.34 to 2.41) |
| Household dysfunction | ||||
| No distress | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.25) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.19) | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.20) |
| Distress | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.19) | 1.39 (1.29 to 1.49) | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.34) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.44) |
| Sexual trauma | ||||
| No distress | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.17) | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.25) | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.18) |
| Distress | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.24) | 1.58 (1.46 to 1.71) | 1.41 (1.28 to 1.56) | 1.38 (1.23 to 1.56) |
| Physical trauma | ||||
| No distress | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.20) | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.46) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.26) | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.35) |
| Distress | 1.25 (1.16 to 1.36) | 1.78 (1.61 to 1.96) | 1.63 (1.44 to 1.84) | 1.46 (1.25 to 1.70) |
| Psychological/emotional | ||||
| No distress | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.13) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.10) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) |
| Distress | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17) | 1.41 (1.33 to 1.49) | 1.22 (1.15 to 1.31) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.34) |
All models were adjusted for age (at the time of questionnaire completion), childhood adverse SES score (summary variable of yes answers ranging from 0 to 3 of the following questions: low/poor self-reported income growing up, household educational attainment at age 13 < high school, and food insecurity) and race/ethnicity. Childhood household educational attainment was determined by adult(s) who lived in the household and were legally responsible for participant at age 13 years. All TCEs include events that occurred at <18 years. Bolded values indicate statistical significance.